Hardy Weinberg Flashcards
Population genetics
Study of how populations change genetically over time
Population
Group of the same species living in the same area at the same time
Species
A group of population whose individuals have the potential to interbreed and produce fertile offspring
Gene pool
The total combination of genes (alleles) in a population at any one time
Micro evolution
The change in the frequency of alleles in a population over time
Allele Frequencies
Each allele has a frequency in a populations gene pool
(# of times it appears in a population)
Hardy Weinberg conditions
1.very large population size
2.No migrations
3.No mutations
4.Random mating
5.No natural selection
Is Hardy Weinberg conditions met often?
No rarely met in nature
P and q
P = dominant allele frequency
q = recessive allele frequency
P^2
2pq
q^2
P^2 = frequency of homozygous dominant individuals
q^2 = frequency of homozygous recessive individuals
2pq = heterozygous individuals
Cause #1 Microevolution
Genetic drift
Genetic drift
Changes in the gene pool of a small population due to chance (reduces genetic variability)
Bottleneck effect
Reduction in population causes surviving population to no longer be representative of original population
Founder effect
Type of genetic drift due to small amount of individuals leaving a larger population
Cause #2 microevolution
Gene flow
Gene flow
Migration of fertile individuals or gametes between populations
Cause #3 microevolution
Mutation occurs
Mutations
Change in a organisms DNA leading to new traits introduced in a gene pool
Cause #4 microevolution
Nonrandom mating
Nonrandom mating
Unequal chances of each egg getting fertilized
Assortative mating
Choosing individuals more like self
Sexual selection
Organisms has better chance of mating with others due to its traits or behaviors
-results in sexual dimorphism
Cause #5 microevolution
Natural selection
Natural selection
-differential reproductive success due to variation
-phenotypes are selected for or against
