hardy-weinberg

Question 1

what is a gene pool?

Answer 1

all of the genes of all of the individuals in a population at any given time

Question 2

what is allelic frequency?

Answer 2

the number of times an allele occurs in a gene pool as a proportion of the total?

Question 3

how do you calculate the allelic frequency of an allele?

Answer 3

number of times an allele occurs / total number of alleles

Question 4

what does the hardy-weinberg equation predict?

Answer 4

the allelic, genotype and phenotype frequencies
it predicts that the allelic frequency will stay the same from one generation to the next as long as certain conditions are met

Question 5

what conditions have to be met for the hardy-weinberg principle?

Answer 5

• no natural selection
• no mutations
• no migration
• random mating
  -large population size

Question 6

what 2 equations do you need to know?

Answer 6

p + q = 1

p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1

Question 7

what do each letter stand mean?

Answer 7

p = frequency of DOMINANT ALLELE
q = frequency of RECESSIVE ALLELE

p^2 = frequency of DOMINANT GENOTYPE
2pq = frequency of HETEROZYGOU GENOTYPE
p^2 = frequency of RECESSIVE GENOTYPE

p^2 + 2pq = frequency of DOMINANT PHENOTYPE
q^2 = frequency of RECESSIVE PHENOTYPE

Question 8

what is variation?

Answer 8

differences

Question 9

what causes variation in phenotypes?

Answer 9

crossing over & recombination
independent segregation
mutations
random fertilisation

Question 10

what do bar charts tell us about variaton?

Answer 10

the cause of variation is genetic and there is very little / no environmental influence
categorical data - distinct groups

Question 11

what do histograms tell us about variation?

Answer 11

the variation is caused by many genes
there is high environmental influence
continuous data