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Java I > Hardware, Software, and Computer Languages > Flashcards

Hardware, Software, and Computer Languages Flashcards

1
Q

Data that flows into the system

A

Input

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2
Q

Information that flows out of a system

A

Output

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3
Q

Activity that transforms the input into a more useful form

A

Processing

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4
Q

Used to keep data as it is processed or for later processing

A

Storage

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5
Q

Provides data to the computer

A

Input device

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6
Q

Not directly accessible to the CPU and used for long-term storage of computer programs and data

A

External memory

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7
Q

Executes the instructions of a computer program

A

CPU

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8
Q

Directly accessible to the CPU and used to store a computer program and its data while it is executing

A

Internal memory

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9
Q

Communicates information to external entities

A

Output devices

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10
Q

It stands for something else

A

Representation

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11
Q

It represents some thing in general terms and ignores its many concrete qualities

A

Abstraction

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12
Q

It represents a sequence of operations as a single task

A

Procedural abstraction

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13
Q

It represents the essential characteristics of data separated from its physical implementation

A

Data abstraction

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14
Q

Why do hardware and software engineers create abstractions?

A

To make devices easier to maintain, to make devices easier to use, and to allow user representations to have different implementations

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15
Q

A programmer uses a __________ to create his or her own procedural abstraction.

A

Method

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16
Q

A programmer uses a __________ to create his or her own data abstraction.

A

Class

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17
Q

A sequence of instructions written to perform some task

A

Computer program

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18
Q

A collection of related computer programs

A

Computer software

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19
Q

A data abstraction representing a location in the internal memory where a datum is stored

A

Variable

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20
Q

The process by which each machine instruction is fetched and executed in the order in which it appears in memory

A

Sequential execution

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21
Q

A hardware device that controls the flow of data through the CPU

A

Control unit

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22
Q

They transfer data from the internal memory to an output device or an external file

A

Output instruction

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23
Q

The process of converting alphanumeric characters into binary

A

Scanning

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24
Q

They transfer data from an input device or an external file into the computer’s internal memory

A

Input instructions

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25
Q

Determines the kind of values that can be stored into a variable

A

Data type

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26
Q

Sequences of zeroes and ones used to store data in the internal memory

A

Binary

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27
Q

The name by which you refer to a variable within a computer program

A

Identifier

28
Q

Variable declaration

A

Informs the compiler of the variable’s data type and identifier

29
Q

Expression

A

Tells the computer to perform calculations

30
Q

Assignment statement

A

Stores a value into a variable

31
Q

System.in

A

The standard input object

32
Q

System.out.print

A

A method that sends data to the standard output object

33
Q

Variable initialization

A

Gives the variable a starting value

34
Q

How many variables can be declared and initialized within a single declaration statement?

A

Only one

35
Q

What Java statement correctly declares x to be a double variable initialized to 3.5?

A

double x = 3.5;

36
Q

What Java code fragment correctly inputs a floating-point value for x?

A 
Scanner in = new Scanner( System.in );
double x = in.nextDouble( );
37
Q

What Java code fragment correctly assigns 3 to feet and 36 to inches?

A 
feet = 3;
inches = 12 * feet;
38
Q

Assuming variable x has value 3.5, what Java code fragment correctly prints x = 3.5 on a single output line?

A

System.out.print( “x = “ );

System.out.println( x );

39
Q

An item in a language that is its smallest unit of meaning

A

Lexeme

40
Q

The total inventory of words and symbols of a computer language

A

Lexicon

41
Q

Its statements must describe how to get what you want as a result

A

Procedural language

42
Q

Its statements must be broken into a sequence containing many machine operations

A

High-level language

43
Q

A category of lexemes

A

Token

44
Q

The compiler’s process of translating a program statement into equivalent machine code

A

Code generation

45
Q

The compiler’s process of combining tokens into recognizable program statements

A

Syntax analysis

46
Q

The compiler’s process of reading individual characters of a computer program and building its lexemes

A

Lexical analysis

47
Q

The form of statements in a language

A

Syntax

48
Q

The meaning of statements in a language

A

Semantics

49
Q

Defined by those who implement Java’s libraries; its meaning is preset but it can be altered by the programmer

A

Predefined identifier

50
Q

Message to the human reader that is ignored by the computer

A

Comment

51
Q

Defined by those who created Java; its meaning is fixed and cannot be altered by the programmer

A

Keyword

52
Q

Immutable program datum that stands for itself

A

Literal

53
Q

Defined by a programmer for his or her own use

A

User identifier

54
Q

For the following java fragment, what is the token class for ‘3.5’?

public static void main( String [] args ) {
double x = 3.5;
}

A

Literal

55
Q

For the following java fragment, what is the token class for ‘String’?

public static void main( String [] args ) {
double x = 3.5;
}

A

Predefined identifier

56
Q

For the following java fragment, what is the token class for ‘x’?

public static void main( String [] args ) {
double x = 3.5;
}

A

User identifier

57
Q

For the following java fragment, what is the token class for ‘public’?

public static void main( String [] args ) {
double x = 3.5;
}

A

Keyword

58
Q

Which of the following identifiers are spelled correctly?

first-quarter-sales
firstQuarterSales
1stQuarterSales

A

firstQuarterSaler

59
Q

Which of the following keywords are spelled correctly?

double
Double
DOUBLE

A

double

60
Q

Which of the following variable declarations are spaced correctly?

doubletaxRate=0.08;
double tax Rate = 0.08;
double taxRate=0.08;
double taxRate = 0 . 08;

A

double taxRate=0.08;

61
Q

Tasks that the compiler and JVM must perform to support the translation and execution of a computer program

A

Housekeeping

62
Q

Refers to anything that is created and can change during program execution

A

Dynamic

63
Q

Program text that is primarily meant to provide information to the compiler

A

Declaration

64
Q

Program statements that are primarily meant to specify operations that the computer is to carry out at runtime

A

Executable statement

65
Q

Refers to anything that is created at compile time and stays fixed during the program run

A

Static

Java I (4 decks)

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