Hardware Software Flashcards

Question

3 stages of compiler process

Answer 1

Lexical analysis syntax analysis code generation

Answer 2

white space or comments are removed and code is broken down into tokens each token represents 1 keyword, constant, identifier, string, number, operator or punctuation symbol. errors will be reported to user

Answer 3

structure of program is checked to see if it matches syntax of programming language each set of tokens are checked separately dictionary is created to list variables used, their data type and the memory location to be used.

Answer 4

Source code is converted into machine code for target machine type different machines need different machine code

Answer 5

translator but uses different method translates each line at a time into intermediate stage and then executes each line can be slower as loops have to be analyzed each time around reports errors as each line is transmitted can be used for more than 1 os can do on the fly as only required lines need to be interpreted

Answer 6

Combines multiple modules (object files) of a 1 program together into one exe file a linker can also link library file (contains code for common tasks used in more than 1 program) ( not all modules are needed and linker can pick which ones)

Answer 7

antivirus monitor checks for viruses and prevents it from being executed disinfectants by deleting infected data or can quarantine by preventing execution but being unable to access the data

Answer 8

Data compressor backup file management

Answer 9

Computer will prioritize putting 1 file on the same cylinder because it is faster If all cylinders have been used files have to be split across gaps from deleted files Formatting preps for first time use organizes track into sectors (deletes all data) can also use defrangementer to reorganize everything and improve performance

Answer 10

expensive takes long time to develop requirements can be precisely met with no unnecessary features might have bugs as less people have tested only have support from developer will ensure compatible with hardware, software, data

Answer 11

cheaper as cost is spread between many people immediately available some tasks are not possible and lots of features customer wont use might not be compatible with hardware, software, data Lots of bugs will be found and reported Can get support from many places such as forums

Answer 12

Owned by organization or person that sells people licenses to use

Answer 13

has source code distributed with the software so people can edit and share it most open source is free but can charge for it

Answer 14

User enters text commands where computer responds with text

Answer 15

ads: If user knows correct commands then can be faster than any other type of interface Uses less RAM Does not use as much CPU processing time Cheaper monitor can be used

Answer 16

disads: Can be confusing for new users Commands have to be typed precisely If mistype an instruction, start from scratch Large number of commands to be learned

Answer 17

disads: Take up larger amount of hard disk space Need significantly more RAM to run ( simpler gui can be used) More processing power than other interfaces Slow for experienced programmers

Answer 18

ads: Easy to use for beginners (intuitive) Don’t have to learn complicated commands

Answer 19

useful for people with disabilities (no hands) faster than typing unreliable, with many commands not being recognized or needing to be repeated several times (especially if there is background noise). Can be quite complex to setup. User needs to know which commands can be used.

Answer 20

It is possible for unintentional movement to be picked up. Only works near the camera or sensor (maximum of 1.5 meters). May only accept a limited number of movements Good for disabled can get tired need highly accurate sensors

Answer 21

makes use of pictures, graphics and icons Uses WIMP (windows icons menu and pointing device)