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Computer Science > Hardware / Software > Flashcards

Hardware / Software Flashcards

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1
Q

Define Hardware

A

Physical component of the computer system

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2
Q

Define Software

A

Controls the hardware using instructions

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3
Q

Define General Purpose Software

A

software which has been designed to solve user’s common tasks using a computer system

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4
Q

Examples of General Purpose Software

A

Word Processors, Spreadsheets, Photo editors

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5
Q

Define Bespoke Software

A

Custom made software with all features necessary to fulfill organisations requirements

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6
Q

Examples of Bespoke Software

A

Amazon and Ebay

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7
Q

Define Special Purpose Software

A

Software with only one specific purpose to fulfill. Usually only used in a professional setting

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8
Q

Examples of Special Purpose Software

A

Spreadsheets, calculators, web browsers

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9
Q

Advantages of Off-the-Shelf Software compared to Bespoke

A

Cheaper
Gets regularly updated
Customer Support
Tutorials online

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10
Q

Advantages of Bespoke Software compared to Off-the-Shelf

A

Custom tailored to your needs
Improves efficiency
Improves security
Opportunity to get ahead of your competitors

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11
Q

Define Utility Software

A

Is a type of software which has a very specific task to perform related to the working of the computer.
E.G. anti-virus software

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12
Q

What does a virus scanner do

A

Scans for malicious code and removes any threats from the device

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13
Q

What does a disk defragmenter do

A

Disks become fragmented over a period of time after continuous usage.
Disk defragmentation helps rearrange the files on the disk to a storage point (hard drive) and improves disk performance

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14
Q

What does a system monitor do

A

monitor system resources and performance in a computer system

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15
Q

What does file management do

A

to store, organize, locate, track and manage documents.

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16
Q

Define Translator

A

Software that allows new programs to be written and run on computers by converting source code into machine code

17
Q

Define Assembler

A

Converts assembly code -> machine code

18
Q

Interpreter

A

Converts 3rd gen language -> machine code
One line at a time

19
Q

Compiler

A

Converts 3rd gen language -> machine code
All at once

20
Q

Define Operating System

A

A set of programs that manages computer hardware resources and provide commmon services for application software.

21
Q

What are functions of an operating system

A

Processor management
Thread Management
Battery Management
System Security
Allocation of Processor Time
Software Management

22
Q

What are the two major objectives of an operating system

A

1) efficient resource utilisation
2) To make it simpler for other software to use the hardware associated with the computer

23
Q

What are the four things that an operating system is desired to have

A

Efficient
Reliable
Maintanable
Small

24
Q

What does an operating system actually do

A

Hides the complexities of the hardware from the user
Provides a virtual machine

25
Q

Define priority scheduling

A

The scheduler chooses the tasks to work as per the priority
Able to suspend a task

26
Q

Define Round Robin

A

Time is assigned to each process in equal portions
There is no priority

27
Q

What are the advantages of priority scheduling

A

Easy to use
Processes that need higher priority execute first which means that time is saved
The importance of each process is precisely defined
A good algorithm for applications with fluctuating time and resource requirements.

28
Q

What are the disadvantages of priority scheduling

A

Any low priority processes that are running at the time of a system crash are lost.
Lower priority processes may starve and be delayed indefinitely if high priority processes use a lot of CPU time.

29
Q

What are the advantages of Round Robin

A

It is fair to all tasks, regardless of their priority
Total number of processes on the run queue helps assume the worst-case response time for a process.
No issues of starvation

30
Q

What are the disadvantages of Round Robin

A

No special priority to more important tasks

31
Q

What is the memory management program responsible for

A

Responsible for keeping track of which parts of the memory are being used by each process.

32
Q

What is virtual memory

A

enables data that is in RAM and not currently being used to be transferred to the hard drive

33
Q

What is a library program

A

collections of compiled instructions or code which are shared by multiple programs
e.g. printing

34
Q

What is a DLL

A

Dynamic Link Library - collection of small programs that larger programs can load when needed to complete specific tasks.

Computer Science (9 decks)

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