Hardware Categories & Digi Transformation Flashcards
Question
Answer
What is Moore’s Law?
Chip performance per dollar doubles every 18 months.
What is the microprocessor?
the brain of a computing device
What is the difference between volatile memory and nonvolatile memory?
volatile: when power goes out, all saved to volatile memory is lost. (this is RAM)
nonvolatile: things are saved when power goes out, like a hard disc or flash memory drives
What is a flash memory?
chip-based equivalent of a hard drive.
Nonvolatile, chip-based storage often used in mobile phones, cameras, mp3 players. Sometimes called flash RAM- slower than RAM but holds charge when power goes out
What are solid state electronics?
Semiconductor-based devices. Solid state components often suffer fewer failutres and require less energy than mechanical counterparts because they have no moving parts. RAM, flas memory, & microprocessors are solid state devices, hard drives are not.
Why are chips less likely to fail?
because they are solid state electronics
What are semiconductors?
substance such as silicon dioxide used inside most computer chips that’s capable of enabling and also inhibiting the flow of electricity. Colloquially, ‘semiconductors’ means computer chips
What is an optical fiber line?
a high-speed glass or plastic-lined networking cable used in telecommunications
Are tech products price elastic or inelastic?
highly price elastic. Consumers buy more as they get cheaper, but also, new markets emerge when technology becomes cheaper
What is ‘fabs’ short for?
Semiconductor fabrication facilities - chip factories
What 3 interrelated factors threatedn to slow down Moore’s Law’s advance?
size, heat, power
What is one way to address the problem of densely packed, overheating chip designs?
multicore microprocessors: microprocessors with 2 or more calculating processor cores on the same piece of silicon
What are the 3 major types of requirements?
Business, Fucntional/technical, Design
What are business requirements?
statement(s) that describe WHY a business needs to accomplish something.
Generally focused on: customer satisfaction, customer problem-solving, employee productivity
What are functional requirements?
statements that describe WHAT a system/solution must do to achieve a business requirement
hardware requirements like “must be able to process credit card payments”
software requirements like “must enable workers to create worker schedules”
What do information requirements entail?
what kinds of data
What do processing requirements entail?
what kinds of activities
What are design requirements?
statemenst that describe HOW a system/solution will achieve a functional requirement
Connection
business req –> functional req –> design specs –> the manufactured hardware/software
Strategic activities
carried out for the future- 3-5 years by senior/upper level management
Tactical activities
periodivally- monthly, quarterly
Transactional activities
daily/weekly by employees/staff
input hardware
enables users to interact with computers by transforming humanly understandable characters, such as speech, texts, sound, drawings and pictures, into computer bits (keyboards, wireless mouse, microphones)
output hardware
devices enable computers to interact with humans by transforming binary information into humanly understandable characters (monitors, printers, speakers, tv, projectors, 3d printers)
What are the 2 ways that information has to be stored on computers?
Temporary preservation (system memory, video memory) & long-term preservation (magnetic hard drive, SSD, thumb drive)
What is RAM also called?
primary storage
table fridge sumo analogy
RAM = table, = fridge
name of RAM technology
DDR
How many bits are in a byte?
8
Secondary Storage (HDD)
magnetic hard drive, solid state drive
What are the advantages of Solid State Drives?
no moving parts, quiet operation, info must first be deleted before new info can be written. Durability
What are examples of volatile storages?
RAM, cache
What are examples of nonvolatile storages (RAM-based and non RAM-based)?
RAM-based: thumb drives, read only memory
non-RAM-based: tape drives, magnetic drives
CPU vs GPU
CPU: small number or complicated tasks
GPU: millions of simple tasks
Digital Transformation
change business model & how we create value for customers
What are the 6 steps of the DARSIL framework?
Define - which issues or problems caused the org to start digital transformation
Analyze - which process/architectures/systems need to be changed
Review - which of avail digital technologies are potential solutions
Select - which of the digital technologies did the company deploy
Integrate - into which business and customer processes were the digital technologies integrated
Learn - in which areas is the digital transformation journey complete/incomplete
