Hardware and Software Flashcards
a number expressed using only zeros and ones
binary:
a zero or one
bit
a binary number with eight digits, also known as eight bits, also used as a measurement for data
byte:
the set of instructions composed of numbers, constants, and addresses that are the result of compiling a Python program
bytecode
the process of converting the instructions written by a programmer into machine language
compile:
a number in base 10 using the digits from zero to nine
decimal:
a number in base 16, using the digits from zero to nine along with A, B, C, D, E, and F
hexadecimal:
a language used by computers consisting of binary instructions
machine language:
a device that converts one voltage to another
adapter
communication of the binary data via the voltage level for each time interval
digital signal
a device that uses voice recognition to provide a service
voice assistant
the push that makes electrons move in a wire; the greater the voltage, the stronger the push
voltage
the high-speed fiber-optic pathways that carry large amounts of data between key strategic locations on the internet
backbone
one of the computers on a network that is not the server computer network; two or more computers connected to each other
client
a small text file stored on a user’s local computer that remembers settings for a website
cookie:
the precisely formatted unit of data that travels from one computer to another (also referred to as a packet)
data packet
part of a URL that corresponds to the web server’s address, such as microsoft.com
domain name:
a protocol to control domain names (DNS)
Domain Name System
a web page that contains elements that change
dynamic web page
an application that sends and receives email addresses on an individual computer
email client
a server that manages the sending and receiving of email messages
email server:
the degree to which a network can continue to function despite one or more of its processes or components breaking or being unavailable
fault-tolerance:
ability to prevent a file from being accidentally deleted or damaged
file protection:
a protocol used for file transfer for the internet and within a private network (FTP)
File Transfer Protocol:
a cookie placed on a user’s computer by the website being visited
first-party cookie:
a protocol (a set of rules) for how web content should be sent and received by a web browser (HTTP)
Hypertext Transfer Protocol:
a secure version of HTTP (HTTPS)
Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure
a huge network of networks, enabling people to communicate with one another and share information worldwide
internet:
an email protocol that retrieves email without deleting the email and its attachments from the server (IMAP)
Internet Message Access Protocol
a protocol that defines the format and routing of data packets (IP)
internet protocol:
a conceptual model used by devices that are part of the internet that enables the internet to function, also called the TCP/IP protocol suite
internet protocol suite:
a company that provides internet access to customers for a fee (ISP)
Internet Service Provider:
