Hardware

Question 1

What is a circuit?

Answer 1

A circuit is closed path followed or capable of being followed by an electric current

Question 2

What is a transistor?

Answer 2

A transistor is a tiny electronic switch that can be turned on and off thousands of times per second. Transistors form part of an integrated circuit.

Question 3

Silicon?

Answer 3

Silicon is a semiconductor made of clay and sand

Question 4

What is a semi conductor?

Answer 4

A material whose electrical properties between good and non conductor

Question 5

Micro chips?

Answer 5

are made from semiconductors

Question 6

Chip?

Answer 6

a tiny piece of silicon that contains of integrated circuits

Question 7

Miniaturization

• microchips
• microprocessors

Answer 7

microchips store and process data

microprocessors contain a cpu for small devices

Question 8

system unit?

Answer 8

The case that contains the computers electronic components to process data

Question 9

Data

Answer 9

Data is represented in a computer using binary code

Question 10

Binary system

Answer 10

represented by 0s and 1s to represent the electrical current

Question 11

Measuring capacity (giga bytes)

Answer 11

All the order of the bytes

Question 12

Machine language

Answer 12

Each computer has its own native language.

Binary code on the cpu is unique to brand

Question 13

Mother board

Answer 13

See chapter 2 notes

Question 14

multicore processors

Answer 14

have more than 1 processor

Question 15

A graphics processing unit

Answer 15

Is the processor that processes all the graphics

Question 16

processing speeds

Answer 16

(cpu)Every microprocessor has an system clock that controls how fast actions take place in the computer

Question 17

CPU is the brain of the computer it manipulates data into information. What are the two parts?

Answer 17

CPU is made of 1) the control unit 2) arithmetic/logic unit (ALU)

Question 18

CPU carries out 4 basic functions known as the machine cycle.

Answer 18

1) fetches the instruction
2) decodes the instruction
3) executes the instruction
4) stores the result

Question 19

ALU performs?

Answer 19

Arithmetic functions and controls the speeds

Question 20

The control unit and the ALU also use registers

Answer 20

Registers temporarily store data

Question 21

Buses

Answer 21

buses are electrical data road ways throught the computer

Question 22

2 types of memory

1) primary
2) secondary

Answer 22

1) primary story represents RAM and is temporary and volatile
2) hard disks and more permanent

Question 23

Ram (random access memory)

Answer 23

performs actions

Question 24

Rom (read only memory)

Answer 24

helps boot the computer

Question 25

Cache?

Answer 25

A cache temporarily stores data to speed up processing

Question 26

Virtual memory

Answer 26

is used after all the RAM and the caches have been used up

Question 27

Expansion cards

Answer 27

Circuit boards that provide more memory

Question 28

types of expansion buses

Answer 28

see notes chapter 2

Question 29

Port type

Answer 29

Serial port, parralel port, usb port

Question 30

specialized expansion ports

Answer 30

see notes chapter 2

Question 31

Secondary storage

Answer 31

Hardware that permanently holds software and files

Question 32

Hard disks

Answer 32

still the main secondary storage

Question 33

Hard disk types

Answer 33

non removable hard disk, external hard disk, RAID

Question 34

Optical disks

Answer 34

CD-ROM, CD-R, CD-RW

DVD, DVD-R, DVD-RW, DVD-RAM, DVD+RW BLURAY

Question 35

Flash memory

Answer 35

SSD Drives
flash memory cards
USB flash drives

Question 36

Smart card

Answer 36

Credit cards(contains microprocessor, and memory chips)

Question 37

online secondary storage

Answer 37

cloud storage

Question 38

Input hardware

Answer 38

Devices that put data on the computer.

EX, mouse, Keyboard

Question 39

output hardware

Answer 39

printer, monitor

Question 40

pointing devices

Answer 40

mouse, track ball, finger pad, touch screens etc ch2

Question 41

Source data entry devices

Answer 41

Scanning and reading devices.
Scanners, bar code readers, radio frequency identifiers
Mark recognition readers(tests, checks)

Question 42

image capture devices

Answer 42

cameras, webcams

Question 43

audio input devices

Answer 43

mic, speech recognition systems
2 ways to digitize audio
-sound board
-MIDI board

Question 44

sensors

Answer 44

collect data from outside and transmit it to a computer

Question 45

biometric input devices

Answer 45

checks things from humans.

example (fingerprint recognition)

Question 46

Display screens 
Screen clarity
resolution
color depth 
refresh rate

Answer 46

Measured diagonally
4:3 aspect ratio
Dot Pitch (space between pixels)
resolution (image sharpness)

Question 47

VRAM

Answer 47

Graphics cards have their own memory (VRAM)

Question 48

Types of display devices

Answer 48

Flat panel display
Liquid crystal display(LCD)
Plasma display (gass between glass)

Question 49

hardcopy output

Answer 49

printers (dots per inch DPI)
impact or non impact 
laser printer ( runs on software called page description language )

Question 50

Inkjet printers
thermal printers
thermal wax transfer printers
photo printers

Answer 50

electronically charged droplets at high speed
low heat/low heat with wax paper
special paper and an d colour dyes

Question 51

multifunction printers

plotters

Answer 51

combine many tasks

plotters used by architects engineers map makers

Question 52

sound output

Answer 52

sound output (speakers)

Question 53

Voice output

Answer 53

converts noise into sound like voice

Question 54

video output

Answer 54

image sped up fast enough to look like motion

Question 55

ergonomics

Answer 55

the design of the work place to make the working conditions and equipment safer and more efficient