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A+ 1101 > Hardware > Flashcards

Hardware Flashcards

1
Q

Twisted pair copper cabling

A

-Balanced pair operation (two wires with equal and opposite signals) (transmit+, transmit-, receive+, receive-)
-The twist keeps a single wire constantly moving away from the interface

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2
Q

Copper cable categories

A

Category 5, 5e (enhanced), 6, 6a (augmented)

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3
Q

Category 5 (cable)

A

Ethernet Standard: 1000BASE-T
Max Support Distance: 100 meters

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4
Q

Category 5e (cable)

A

Ethernet Standard: 1000BASE-T
Max Support Distance: 100 meters

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5
Q

Category 6

A

Ethernet Standard: 10 GBASE-T
Max Support Distance:
Unshielded = 55 meters
Shielded = 100 meters

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6
Q

Category 6a (cable)

A

Ethernet Standard: 10 GBASE-T
Max Support Distance: 100 meters

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7
Q

Coaxial cables

A

-Two or more forms share a common axis
-RG-6 used in television/digital cable and high-speed internet over cable

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8
Q

Plenum space

A

-a part of the building that provides air circulation

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9
Q

Plenum-rated cable

A

-Polyvinyl chloride (PCV) - traditional - low-smoke
-Fluorinated ethylene polymer (FEP) - fire-rated

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10
Q

UTP cable

A

-Unshielded Twisted Pair
-No additional shielding
-The most common twisted pair cabling

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11
Q

STP

A

-Shielded Twisted Pair
-Additional shielding protects against interference
-Shield each pair and/or the overall cable
-Requires cable to be grounded

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12
Q

Cable Abbreviations

A

U = Unshielded
S = Braided Shielding
F = Foil Shielding
(Overall cable)/(Individual pairs) TP

Example: S/FTP is braided shielding around the entire cable and foil around the pairs

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13
Q

Direct burial STP

A

-Buried cable in the ground
-Provides protection from the elements
-Often filled with gel to repel water
-Conduit may not be needed
-Protects against signal interference

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14
Q

Fiber communication

A

-Transmission by light
-No RF signal (radio frequency) (very difficult to monitor or tap)
-Transmission over long distances

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15
Q

Multimode fiber

A

-Short-range communication
-Up to 2km
-Relatively inexpensive light source (ie LED)

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16
Q

Single-mode fiber

A

-Long-range communication
-Up to 100km w/o processing
-Expensive light source (commonly uses lasers)

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17
Q

International ISO/IEC 11801

A

-Defines classes of networking standards

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18
Q

TIA

A

-Telecommunications Industry Assoiation
-Standards, market analysis, trade shows, govt affairs, etc

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19
Q

ANSI/TIA-568

A

-Commercial building telecommunications cabling standard
-Commonly referenced for pin and pair assignments of eight-conductor 100-ohm balanced twisted pair cabling (T568A and T568B)

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20
Q

Can you terminate one side of the cable with 568A and the other with 568B?

A

No!
-Not the meaning of gigabit ethernet crossover cable!

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21
Q

T568A colors in order

A
  1. white and green
  2. green
  3. white and orange
  4. blue
  5. white and blue
  6. orange
  7. white and brown
  8. brown
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22
Q

T568B colors in order

A
  1. white and orange
  2. orange
  3. white and green
  4. blue
  5. white and blue
  6. green
  7. white and brown
  8. brown
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23
Q

USB

A

-Universal Serial Bus
-Physical connections between devices

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24
Q

USB 1.1

A

-Low speed: 1.5 Mb/s, 3 meters
-Full speed: 12 Mb/s, 5 meters

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25
Q

USB 2.0

A

-480 Mb/s, 5 meters

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26
Q

USB 3.0/USB 3.1 Gen 1/USB 3.2 Gen 1

A

-SuperSpeed
-5 Gb/s, ~3 meters

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27
Q

USB-C

A

-No top or bottom
-USB-C describes the physical connector not the signal
-24-pin double-sided USB connector (used for both hosts and devices)
-Used for USB, Thunderbolt
–Interface is the same, signal can vary

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28
Q

USB 3.1/ USB 3.1 Gen 2/USB 3.2 Gen2

A

-SuperSpeed+
-Twice the rate of USB 3.0/USB 3.1 Gen 1
-10 Gb/s

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29
Q

USB 3.2 Gen 1x2

A

-Bandwidth can double w/ USB-C cables
-Uses an extra ‘lane’ of communication associated w/ the flip-flop wires in USB-C
-10Gb/s using two ‘Gen 1’ lanes

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30
Q

USB 3.2 Gen 2x2

A

-SuperSpeed USB 20Gbps using two ‘Gen 2” lanes

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31
Q

Thunderbolt

A

-High-speed serial connector
-Data and power on the same cable
-Based on Mini Display Port (MDP) standard

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32
Q

Thunderbolt v1

A

-Two channels
-10 Gbps per channel
-20 Gbps total throughput
-Mini Display Port connector

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33
Q

Thunderbolt v2

A

-20 Gbps aggregated channels
-Mini Display Port connector

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34
Q

Thunderbolt v3

A

-40 Gbps aggregated throughput
-USB-C connector
-max 3 meters (copper)
-60 meters (optical)
-daisy-chain up to 6 devices

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35
Q

Serial Console Cables

A

-D-Subminiature or D-Sub
(the letter refers to the connector size)
-Commonly used for RS-232 (Recommended Standard)
-Used for modems, printers, mice, networking

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36
Q

VGA

A

-Video Graphis Array
-DE-15 connector
-Blue color (PC System Design guide)
-Video only (no audio signal)
-Analog signal (no digital)
–Image degrades after 5-10 meters

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37
Q

HDMI

A

-High-Definition Multimedia Interface
-Video and audio stream (all digital no analog)
- ~20 meter distance before losing too much signal
-19-pin (Type A) connector (proprietary connector)

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38
Q

Display Port

A

-Digital information sent in packetized form
–Carries both audio and video
-Compatible w/ HDMI and DVI (passive adapter)

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39
Q

DVI

A

-Display Visual Interface
-Single and dual link video
–Single: 3.7 Gbps (HDTV at 60 fps)
–Dual: 7.4 Gbps (HDTV at 85 fps)
(fps= frames per second)
-No audio support

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40
Q

DVI-A

A

Analog signal

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41
Q

DVI-D

A

Digital signal

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42
Q

DVI-I

A

-Integrated
-Digital and analog in the same connector

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43
Q

SATA

A

-Serial Advanced Technology Attachment
-A command and transport protocol that defines how data is transferred between a computer’s motherboard and mass storage devices, such as hard disk drives (HDDs), optical drives and solid-state drives (SSDs).

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44
Q

Types of SATA

A

-SATA Revision 1.0: 1.5 Gbps, 1 meter
-SATA Revision 2.0: 3 Gbps. 1 meter
-SATA Revision 3.0: 6 Gbps, 1 meter
-SATA Revision 3.2: 16Gbps, 1 meter
-eSATA: External SATA, matches the SATA version, 2 meters

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45
Q

SCSI Standard

A

-Small Computer Systems Interface Standard
-A set of standards for physically connecting and transferring data between computers and peripheral devices.
-The SCSI standards define commands, protocols, electrical, optical and logical interfaces.

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46
Q

SCSI advantages

A

-Not just for hard drives (scanners, tape drives, CD drives)
-Many devices on a single bus
–8 on narrow bus, 16 on wide bus
-Much of the difficult configuration work is done between the SCSI devices
-Industry longevity

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47
Q

SCSI ID

A

-Every SCSI device on a single bus is assigned a separate ID number
-SCSI ID 0: SCSI Controller
-SCSI ID 2: Hardware
-SCSI ID 3: CD-ROM

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48
Q

LUNs

A

-Logical Units
-Defined within each SCSI ID
-Separate drives in a storage array or virtual machine

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49
Q

Serial attached SCSI

A

-Move from physical to serial
-Increased throughput
-Similar to the move from PATA to SATA
-Point-to-point connection (no more daisy chains)
-No termination required (the bus has two devices on it)
-The control and management of SCSI (the speed of a serial connection)

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50
Q

PATA Standard

A

-Parallel AT Attachment, Parallel ATA, ATA

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51
Q

DVI to HDMI

A

-They are electrically compatible
-HDMI is backward-compatible with DVI-D
-No signal conversion required
-No loss of video quality

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52
Q

DVI to VGA

A

-DVI-A includes analog signals
-Backward compatible with VGA
-Only 640x480 is officially supported
-May only need an adapter (analog to analog)
-VGA to DVI-D will need a converter

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53
Q

USB to Ethernet

A

-Some laptops don’t have a wired Ethernet interface
-Convert USB to Ethernet

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54
Q

USB-C to USB-A

A

-Merge the new with the old

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55
Q

USB Hub

A

-connect many devices
-High-speed USB connectivity

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56
Q

RJ11 Connector

A

-Registered Jack type 11
-6 position, 2 conductor (6P2C)
-Some cables will wire additional conductors
-Telephone or DSL connection
-Copper connectors

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57
Q

RJ45 Connector

A

-Registered Jack type 45
-8 position, 8 conductor (8P8C)
-Modular connector
-Ethernet

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58
Q

F-connector

A

-Cable television
-Cable modem
-DOCSIS (Digital Over Cable Service Interface Specification)

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59
Q

Punchdown block

A

-Wire-to-wire patch panel
-No intermediate interface required
-Wires are ‘punched’ into the block
-Connecting block is on top
-Additional wires punched into connecting block (patch the top to the bottom)

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60
Q

Molex Connector

A

-4-pin peripheral power connector
-Molex Connector Company
-AMP MATE-N-Lok
-Provides +12V and +5V
-Power for many devices in the computer case (storage devices, optical drives, fans)

it connects your computer power supply to drives and devices inside the computer

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61
Q

Lightning

A

-Apple proprietary
-8-pin digital signals
Advantages over Mirco-USB:
-Higher power output for phones and tablets
-Can be inserted either way

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62
Q

LC

A

-Local Connector
-Fiber connector type

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63
Q

ST

A

-Straight Tip
-Fiber connector type

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64
Q

SC

A

-Subscriber Connector
-“Square Connector”
-Fiber connector type

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65
Q

RAM

A

-Random Access Memory
-Most common computer memory
-Different from hard drive or SSD storage
-Data and programs can only be used when to RAM

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66
Q

RAM Slots

A

-slot allows RAM to be inserted into the computer. Most motherboards have two to four memory slots, which determine the type of RAM used with the computer.

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67
Q

DIMM

A

-Dual In-line Memory Module
-a module that contains one or several random access memory (RAM) chips on a small circuit board with pins that connect it to the computer motherboard

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68
Q

SO-DIMM

A

-Small Outline Dual In-line Memory Module
-About half the width as a DIMM
-Used in laptops and mobile devices

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69
Q

Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM)

A

-The memory on the DIMM
-‘Dynamic’ b/c needs constant refreshing
–w/o refreshing, the data in memory disappears
-‘Random Access’: any storage location can be accessed directly

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70
Q

SDRAM

A

Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory
-Synchronous with the common system clock
–Queue up one process while waiting for another

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71
Q

SDR

A

-Single Data Rate
-One data per clock cycle

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72
Q

DDR

A

-Double Data Rate
-Two data per clock cycle

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73
Q

DDR3 SDRAM

A

-Double Data Rate 3 Synchronized Dynamic Random Access Module
-Twice the data rate of DDR2
-Larger chip capacities - max 16 GB per DIMM

74
Q

DDR5 SDRAM

A

-Double Data Rate 5
-Faster data transfer b/t the memory module and motherboard
-Max of 64 GB per DIMM

75
Q

Virtual Memory

A

-Swap currently unused application data to storage
–Free up space for other applications
-Managed automatically by the operating system

76
Q

Multi-Channel Memory

A

-Dual-channel, triple channel, or quad-channel
-Memory combinations should match
-Memory module slots are often colored differently

77
Q

Parity memory

A

-Adds an additional parity bit
-Won’t always detect an error
-Can’t correct an error

78
Q

ECC

A

-Error Correcting Code
-Detects errors and corrects on the fly
-Not all systems use ECC
-It looks the dame as non-ECC memory

79
Q

Parity

A

-Even parity
-The parity bit makes an even number
-a technique that checks whether data has been lost or written over when it is moved from one place in storage to another or when it is transmitted between computers.

80
Q

HDD

A

-Hard Disk Drivers
-Non-volatile magnetic storage
–Rapidly rotating platters
-Random-access
–Retrieve data from any part of the drive at any time
-Moving parts: spinning platters and moving actuator arm
–Mechanical components limit the access speed

81
Q

HDD Rotational Speed vs Avg Rotational Latency

A

15,000 - 2ms
10,000 - 3ms
7,200 - 4.16ms
5,400 - 5.55ms

82
Q

SSD

A

-Solid-state drives
-Very fast performance (no spinning drive delays

83
Q

mSATA

A

-Mini-Synchronous Advanced Technology Attachment
-Shrink the SATA drive into smaller devices
–great for laptops and mobile devices
-Smaller than 2.5” SATA drives
-quickly replaced by m.2 standard

84
Q

AHCI

A

-Advanced Host Controller Interface
-SATA was designed for hard drives and uses AHCI to move drive data to RAM
-SATA revision 3 throughput up to 600MB/s

85
Q

NVMe

A

-Non-Volatile Memory Express
-Designed for SSD speed (SSD needs faster communication than AHCI)
-Lower latency, supports higher throughputs

86
Q

M.2 Interface

A

-Smaller form factor
-No SATA data or power cables
-Can use a PCI Express bus connection
–4Gbps throughput or faster when using NVMe
-Different connector types (B-key, M-key, or Band M-key)

87
Q

Flash drives

A

-Flash memory
-EEPROM (Electrically erasable programmable read-only memory)
–No power required to retain data
-Limited number of writes (can still read the data)
-Not designed for archival storage (easy to lose or damage)

88
Q

CF

A

-Compact Flash
-type of flash drive

89
Q

SD

A

-Secure Digital
-Type of flash drive

90
Q

Optical drives

A

-Small bumps read with a laser beam
–Microscopic binary storage
-Relatively slow - archival media
-Ex: CD-ROM, DVD-ROM, Blu-Ray

91
Q

RAID

A

-Redundant Array of Independent Disks
-Inexpensive disks
-Some redundant some not

92
Q

RAID 0

A

-Striping
-File blocks are split b/t two or more physical drives
-Data written quickly but no redundancy
–A drive failure breaks the array

Disk 0 (Block 1A)(Block 3A)(Block 5A)
Disk 1 (Block 2A)(Block 4A)(Block 6A)

93
Q

RAID 1

A

-File blocks are duplicated b/t two or more physical drives
-High disk utilization and high redundancy

Disk 0(Block 1)(Block 2)(Block 3)
Disk 1(Block 1)(Block 2)(Block 3)

94
Q

RAID 5

A

-Striping w/ parity
-File blocks are striped along with a parity block (requires at least three disks)
-Files aren’t duplicated but space is still used for parity
-Data is available after drive failure

Disk 0(Block 1A)(Block 1B)(Parity C)
Disk 1(Block 2A)(Parity B)(Block 2C)
Disk 2(Parity A)(Block 3B)(Block 3C)

95
Q

RAID 10 / RAID 1+0

A

-A strip of mirrors
-The speed of striping and the redundancy of mirroring (best of both worlds)
-Need at least 4 disks

Disk 0(Block 1)(Block 3)(Block 5)
Disk 1(Block 1)(Block 3)(Block 5)
Disk 2(Block 2)(Block 4)(Block 6)
Disk 3(Block 2)(Block 4)(Block 6)

96
Q

ATX

A

-Advanced Technology Extended
-One of the motherboard form factors
-Power
–20 pin connector
–24 pin connector, additional 4/8 pin connector

97
Q

ITX

A

-Information Technology Extended
-One of the motherboard form factors
-A series of low-power motherboards (small form factor)
-Mini-ITX is screw-compatible w/ ATX
-Single-purpose computing (ie streaming media)

98
Q

Computer bus

A

-the method by which data is communicated between all the internal pieces of a computer

99
Q

Conventional PCI

A

-Peripheral Component Interconnect
-Extension on a motherboard
-Expansion options
–32 bit and 64 bit bus width
–Parallel communication
-A common expansion interface on previous computer generations - PCI Express replaces it

100
Q

PCIe

A

-PCI Express
-Communicates serially
–Unidirectional serial ‘lanes’
–Slower devices don’t slow everyone down
-‘x’ is ‘by’ full duplex lanes
–x1, x2, x4, x8, x16, x32

101
Q

24-pin motherboard power

A

-Main motherboard power
-Provides +3.3V, +/-5V, and +/-12V
-20-pin connector was the original ATX Standard (24-pin was added for PCIe power)

102
Q

4-pin ATX

A

-ATX 12V motherboards
-Additional 12 volt power for older motherboards (used primarily for CPU)

103
Q

Headers

A

-A pin header
–A simple electrical interface
–The connector is attached to a header
-Many different uses: power, peripheral connections, lights, buttons

104
Q

AMD vs Intel

A

-Two CPU manufactures
-AMD tends to be more expensive
-Different socket designs per motherboard type
-AMD is value and Intel is performance

105
Q

Server motherboards

A

-Multi-socket (supports multiple physical CPU packages/split the load)
-Memory slots (supports 4+ modules)
-Expansion slots (many slots and different sizes)
-Designed for a rack-mounted system
–Larger ATX-sized system

106
Q

Desktop motherboards

A

-Range from full-size motherboards to compact or monitor-only systems
-Single CPU
-Memory slots (usually two or four)
-Expansion slots (may have limited options)

107
Q

Mobile Motherboards

A

-Laptops (small and light)
-CPUs (limited in speed/thermal throttling)
-Limited system modification (memory, CPU, functionality)
-Portability (smaller devices/low power consumption)

108
Q

System board

A

-Proprietary (built to fit)
-Replacement isn’t easy (swap the entire board)

109
Q

BIOS

A

-Basic Input/Output System
-Software used to start your computer
–The firmware
–System BIOS, ROM BIOS
–ROM or flash memory
-Initializes CPU and memory
–Build the workplace
-Post (Power-On Self test)
-Look for a boot loader

110
Q

UEFI BIOS

A

-Unified Extensible Firmware Interface
-A defined standard and implemented by the manufacturers
-Designed to replace the legacy BIOS
–Graphical and text-based

111
Q

How to get to BIOS Settings in Windows 8, 10, 11?

A

-Since Windows does a fast startup (not a full shutdown) you can’t open BIOS config
-From Windows desktop, hold down shift when clicking restart
-Settings/Update and Security/Recovery/Advanced startup/ restart now
-System configuration (ms Config)
-Interrupt normal boot three times - presents the boot option

112
Q

Boot options

A

-What happens when you power on
-Disable hardware
-Modify the boot order (what boots first)

113
Q

USB permissions

A

-A security challenge (DoD attack in 2008)
–Very small storage device
–Very large capacities
-Convenient and high speed

114
Q

Fans

A

-CPU fan
-Chassis fan
-Motherboards often include an integrated fan controller and temp sensor
–Motherboards increase and decrease the fan speeds

115
Q

Secure Boot

A

-Part of the UEFI specification
-Digitally sign known-good software
–Cryptographically secure
–Software won’t run without the proper signature

116
Q

UEFI BIOS Secure Boot

A

-BIOS includes the manufacture’s public key
-Digital signature is checked during a BIOS update
-BIOS prevents unauthorized write to the flash
-Secure boot verifies the bootloader
–Checks the OS bootloader’s digital signature
-Bootloader must be signed with a trusted cert or a manually approved digital signature

117
Q

Boot password management

A

-BIOS password/ user password
-System won’t start without the password

118
Q

CMOS

A

-Complementary metal-oxide semiconductor
-an onboard, battery-powered semiconductor chip inside computers that stores information. This information ranges from the system time and date to your computer’s hardware settings.
-Coin battery
-Not needed for today’s flash-based storage
-A bad battery will require a BIOS config on every boot
-On older systems, can reset the BIOS config by removing the battery - newer computers use a jumper

119
Q

TPM

A

-Trusted Platform Module (TPM)
-A specification for cryptographic functions
–Hardware to help w/ encryption functions
-Cryptographic processor
-Random number generator, key generators
-Comes w/ unique keys burned in during production
-Versatile memory (storage keys, hardware config info)
-Password protected - no dictionary attacks

120
Q

Hardware Security Module (HSM)

A

-Often used in large environments (clusters, redundant power)
-High-end cryptographic hardware (plug-in card or separate hardware device)
-Key backup
–Secured storage for servers
–Lightweight HSMs for personal use (smart card, USB, flash memory)
-Cryptographic accelerators
–Offload that CPU overhead from other devices

121
Q

ARM

A

-Advanced RISC Machine
-CPU architecture
-Simplified instruction set - efficient and fast- less power/less heat
-Traditionally used for mobile and IoT but now more universal

122
Q

Processor core

A

-Dual-core/Quad-core/Octa-core/Multi-core
-Multiple cores
–Each core has it’s own cache
–The entire chip may have a shared cache

123
Q

Multithreading

A

-the ability of a CPU to provide multiple threads of execution concurrently, supported by the operating system

124
Q

HTT

A

-Hyper-Threading Technology
-Type of multithreading?
-One CPU, acts like two
-Doesn’t actually work as fast as two
–15-30% performance improvement
-OS must be written for HTT (Windows XP or newer)

125
Q

Visualization support

A

-Run other OSs within a single hardware platform
-Virtualization added to the processor
–Hardware is faster and easier to manage
-VT (Virtualization Technology)
-AMD-V

126
Q

Expansion cards

A

-Extend the functionality of your computer

127
Q

Sound card

A

-Output (high-end audio, advanced headphone amp, home theater)
-Multiple inputs (microphones, podcasting, music capture)

128
Q

Video Card

A

-Many CPUs include an integrated GPU
–Video functionality is built into the CPU package
-Discrete graphics
–The GPU is not part of the CPU

129
Q

Capture card

A

-Video as an input (video capture, live streaming, external cameras)
-PCIe connection

130
Q

NIC

A

-Network Interface card
-Ethernet connection
-a computer hardware component that connects a computer to a computer network

131
Q

Case fans

A

-Cool air is pulled through a personal computer

132
Q

On-board fans

A

-Designed to cool an entire adapter card
-Bulky - usually seen on high-end graphics cards

133
Q

Fan specifications

A

-Standard sizes (80mm, 120mm, 200mm, etc)
-Different speeds - different noise levels

134
Q

Fan-less/passive cooling

A

-Used for video servers, TV set top box, satellite receiver, media server
-Heat sinks

135
Q

Heat sink

A

-Dissipate heat through thermal conduction (copper or aluminum alloy)
-Pins/grid increase surface area
-Uses thermal paste/pad

136
Q

Thermal paste

A

-Thermal grease, conductive grease
-Thermally conductive adhesive
-Used between the heat sink and the component

137
Q

Thermal pad

A

-Conducts heat to heat sinks
-Not as effective as thermal paste
-Not resusable

138
Q

Liquid cooling

A

-Coolant is circulated through a computer
-Used in high-end systems, gaming, graphics

139
Q

Computers use which type of voltage?

A

-DC (direct current) voltage
-Most power sources provide AC voltage
-Convert 120V AC/240V AC to 3.3V DC/5V DC/12V DC

140
Q

Amp

A

-Ampere (Amp, A)
-The rate of electron flow past a point in one second

141
Q

V

A

-Voltage, volt, V
-Electrical ‘pressure’ pushing the electrons

142
Q

Power

A

-Watt (W)
-Measure of real power use
-voltsamps=watts
-120V0.5A=60W

143
Q

AC

A

-Alternating current
-Direction of current constantly reverses
-Distributes electricity efficiently over long distances
-Frequency of the cycle is different in different countries
–US/Canada - 110-120 volt of AC (VAC), 60Hz
–Europe - 220-240 VAC, 50 Hz

144
Q

DC

A

-Direct current
-Current moves in one direction with a constant V

145
Q

Dual-voltage input options

A

-Due to different voltage in different countries, need to manually switch power supply or use an auto-switching power supply

146
Q

what uses +12V?

A

-PCIe adapters, hard drive motors, cooling fans, most modern components

147
Q

What uses +5V?

A

-Some motherboard components
-Many components are now using +3.3V

148
Q

What uses +3.3V?

A

M.2 slots RAM slots, motherboard logic circuits

149
Q

+5VSB

A

-Standby voltage

150
Q

What uses -12V?

A

-Integrated LAN, older serial ports, some PCI cards

151
Q

What uses -5V?

A

-ISA adapter cards (out-of-date tech)

152
Q

Redundant power supplies

A

-Two (or more) power supplies
-Internal to the server
-Each power supply can handle 100% of the load which makes it hot-swappable so you can replace a faulty power supply w/o powering down

153
Q

Fixed connector

A

-Fixed power supply connector
-Connected to the power supply
-May have too many or not enough connectors

154
Q

Modular connector

A

-Modular power supply connector
-Add cables as needed
-Fewer leftover wires, better airflow
-A bit more expensive

155
Q

MFD

A

-Multifunction Device
-Printer, scanner, fax, network connection, phone line connection, print from web

156
Q

Printer drivers

A

-Specific to a printer model
-Need to correct operating system drivers (Windows 10 vs 11) and correct version of the OS (32-bit vs 64-bit)

157
Q

PCL

A

-Printer Command Language
-Created by HP
-Commonly used across the industry

158
Q

PostScript

A

-Created by Adobe
-Popular with high end printers

159
Q

Wired Device Sharing

A

-USB type B is the most common connector
-USB type B on the printer and USB type A for the computer
-Ethernet - RJ45 connector

160
Q

Wireless Device Sharing

A

-Bluetooth
-802.11 infrastructure mode
–many devices using an access point
-802.11 Ad hoc mode
–no access point
–direct link b/t wireless devices

161
Q

Print share

A

-Printer connected to a computer
-The computer shares the printer
-Computer needs to be running

162
Q

Print server

A

-Print directly to the printer
-Jobs are queued and managed on the printer
-Web-based front-end

163
Q

Printer Security

A

-User authentication
-Set rights and permissions

164
Q

Flatbed scanner

A

-Different form factors
-All-in-one multifunction device or stand alone flatbed
-May include an ADF (Automatic Document Feeder)

165
Q

Network Scan Services

A

-Scan to email
-Scan to folder
–Using SMB (Server Message Block)
–Send to a Microsoft share
-Scan to cloud
–Cloud storage account
–Google Drive, Dropbox, etc

166
Q

Laser Printer

A

-Combines a laser, high voltage, charged ions, powdered ink, heat, and paper
-High quality, fast, and complex

167
Q

Imaging drum

A

-Used in a laser printer
-Image is drawn onto a photosensitive drum (‘painted’ with a laser)

168
Q

Fuser assembly

A

-Part of a laser printer
-Heat and pressure
-Melt plastic toner powder onto paper

169
Q

Separation pad

A

-Part of a printer
-Pull just the top sheet from the paper tray

170
Q

Duplexing assembly

A

-Part of the printer that ‘flips’ the page for printing on both sides

171
Q

The laser printing process

A
  1. Processing
    -Build the entire page in memory
  2. Charging
    -Prepare the drum with a negative electrostatic charge
  3. Exposure
    -Write the image with the laser
  4. Developing
    -Add negatively-charged toner to the imaging drum
  5. Transferring
    -Move the toner from the drum to the paper
  6. Fusing
    -Heat and pressure
  7. Cleaning
    -Remove excess toner
172
Q

OPC drum

A

-Organic Photoconductor drum
-Can be part of the toner when replacing a laser printer toner
-Sensitive to light

173
Q

Inkjet printer

A

-Ink-dispersion
-In-expensive tech but ink is expensive and proprietary to the brand of printer
-Eventually fades and print head clogs easily

174
Q

Ink Cartridges

A

-Place drops of ink onto a page
-CMYK

175
Q

Carriage and belt

A

-Part of inkjet printers
Ink cartridges are in the carriage and move over the paper
-Belt moves the carriage back and forth

176
Q

Thermal printers

A

-White paper turned black when heated
-Full-length heating element (no moving print head)
-Clean with isopropyl alcohol (IPA)

177
Q

Impact Printer

A

-Dot-matrix printer
-Print head with a small matrix of pins and presses against a ribbon to make a mark on purpose
-Good for carbon/multiple copies
-Uses tractor feed
-Not common, noisy, poor graphics

178
Q

Tractor feed

A

-Continuous paper feed
-Perforations between pages
-Paper pulled through with holes on the side of the paper

179
Q

3D Printers

A

-‘Print’ in 3 dimensions
-Create a 3D item based on an electronic model

180
Q

FDM printer

A

-Fused Deposition Modeling
-Filament printing
-Melt filament to print 3D
-Print layer by layer

181
Q

SLA printer

A

-Stereolithography 3D printing
-Smooth and finely detailed 3D prints
-Resin is hardened using a light source (UV or laser)
-Layers are added to the bottom (entire print hangs from the build platform - print bed that’s adhesive)

182
Q

ADF

A

Automatic Document Feeder
Scanning multiple pages at once

A+ 1101 (6 decks)

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