Hardness Of Water Flashcards
What does soft water and soap form?
Lather
Which ions cause hard water?
Ca2+ and Mg2+
How do magnesium and calcium ions get into hard water?
They get into the water when the water comes into contact with rocks
Which compound causes temporary hardness?
Calcium hydrocarbonate
Which compound causes permanent hardness?
Calcium sulphate
How do you get rid of temporary hardness and what does it form?
By boiling it and it forms scale
What are the pros of hard water?
- Good for teeth and bones
- Reduces heart disease
What are the cons of hard water?
- More money spent on soap
- Scale is created which reduces efficiency
- Scale means more money is spent on energy to heat water
What does hard water and soap form?
Scum
What method can be used to test the hardness of water?
Titration
Name two methods of softening water
Adding sodium carbonate and using ion exchange columns
What does sodium carbonate do in hard water?
It reacts with calcium and magnesium to create magnesium carbonate and calcium carbonate which are solid precipitates
What happens in an ion exchange column?
The hydrogen and sodium ions replace the magnesium and calcium ions in hard water
