Hard Vocabulary Flashcards by Issy Upton

acer (acris, acre)

keen, sharp, fierce

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aequus (aequa, aequum)

equal, fair, favourable, calm

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altus (alta, altum)

high, deep

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angustus (angusta, angustum)

narrow, confined

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audax (audacis)

bold, daring

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carus (cara, carum)

dear

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clarus (clara, clarum)

clear, famous, distinguished

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cunctus (cuncta, cunctum)

all, whole

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cupidus (cupida, cupidum + gen)

eager (for), greedy

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defessus (defessa, defessum)

tired

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dignus (digna, dignum + abl

worthy (of), deserving (of)

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dissimilis (dissimile)

different

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idoneus (idonea, idoneum)

suitable, convenient

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insignis (insigne)

distinguished, glorious

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latus (lata, latum)

wide, broad

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levis (leve)

light, slight

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liber (libera, liberum)

free

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par (paris)

equal

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peritus (perita, peritum + gen or abl)

skilled (in)

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postremus (postrema, postremum)

last

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potens (potentis)

powerful

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prior (prioris)

previous, former

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qualis? (quale)

what sort of?

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reliquus (reliqua, reliquum)

the rest of, the other

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sinister (sinistra, sinistrum)

left, on the left, unfavourable

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adhuc

till now, still

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adversus

against, opposite

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bis

twice

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clam

secretly

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denique

at last, finally, in short

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thither

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fere

nearly, about

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fortasse

perhaps

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forte

by chance

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haud

not

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hinc

from here, hence, henceforth

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hic

here, to this place

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non iam

no longer

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illic

there

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inde

from there, thereupon, next

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interea, interim

meanwhile, in the meantime

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ita

in this way, so, thus

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magnopere

very much, greatly

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mane

in the morning, early

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modo

just now, only

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nondum

not yet

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omnino

altogether, at all, entirely

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palam

openly

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passim

in all directions, far and wide

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paulatim

gradually, little by little

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paulisper

for a short time

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paulum, paulo

a little, somewhat

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postridie

on the next day

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potius

rather, more

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praeterea

besides, moreover, in addition

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procul

far away, distant

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quidem

indeed, in fact, however

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quo?

where to?

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quotiens

how often? as often as

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repente

suddenly

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rursus

back, again

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sic

thus, in this way

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sicut

just as, like, as, as if

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tantum

only

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ubisque

everywhere

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umquam

ever

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una

together

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usque

all the way, right up to, continuously

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vero

indeed, in fact, however

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vix

hardly, scarcely, with difficulty

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magis

more, rather

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but

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aut

or, either

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dum

while, until

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lest, that not

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nisi

unless, if not, except

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priusquam

before, until

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quia

because

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quod si

but if

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quoniam

since

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sive, seu

or if, whether

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ut (+ indic.)

as, where, when, how

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-ve

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vel

or, either

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aquila (aquilae, f)

eagle, standard

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causa (+ gen)

for the sake of

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culpa (culpae, f )

fault, blame

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nopia (inopiae, f )

shortage, lack, poverty

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insidiae (insidiarum, f pl )

ambush, trap, trick

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littera (litterae, f (usually pl. with sg. meaning)

letter

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mora (morae, f)

delay

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ora (orae, f )

coast

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praeda (praedae, f )

booty, plunder

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sapientia (sapientiae, f )

wisdom, good sense

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sinistra (sinistrae, f )

left hand, left side

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unda (undae, f )

wave

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campus (campi, m )

plain, field

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dolus (doli, m)

trick, fraud

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exitium (exitii, n )

ruin, destruction

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humus (humi, f )

ground, earth

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imperium (imperii, n )

command, power, empire

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ingenium (ingenii, n )

character, ability

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morbus (morbi, m )

sickness, disease

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otium (otii, n )

leisure, idleness, peace

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pilum(pili, n )

javelin

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praesidium (praesidii, n )

protection, garrison, fortification

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scutum (scuti, n)

shield

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tectum (tecti, n)

roof, house

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telum (teli, n)

weapon, javelin, missile

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tergum (tergi, n )

back, rear

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vesper (vesperis or vesperi, m)

evening

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agmen (agminis, n )

column of men, army

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arbor (arboris, f )

tree

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caedes (caedis, f )

slaughter, killing, murder

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certamen (certaminis, n )

contest, battle, struggle

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civitas (civitatis, f )

citizenship, state, city, tribe

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clades (cladis, f )

disaster, loss, defeat

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coniunx (coniugis, m and f )

husband, wife, spouse

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dignitas (dignitatis, f )

rank, dignity, importance, honour

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eques (equitis, m )

knight, horseman, (pl) cavalry

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facinus (facinoris, n )

crime, outrage, deed

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foedus (foederis, n )

treaty, agreement

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genus (generis, n )

race, descent, birth, kind

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hiems (hiemis, f )

winter, storm

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lex (legis, f )

law

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mensis (mensis, m )

month

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moenia (moenium, n pl )

city walls, city

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mos (moris, m )

habit, custom, (pl) character, morals

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mulier (mulieris, f )

woman

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obses (obsidis m and f )

hostage

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onus (oneris, n )

burden, load

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(ops) (opis, f )

help; (pl) resources, riches

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opus (operis, n )

work, toil, construction

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oratio (orationis, f )

speech

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os (oris, n )

mouth, face

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pedes (peditis, m )

infantry

potestas (potestatis, f )

power, authority, opportunity

pudor (pudoris, m )

shame, modesty, honour, disgrace

quies (quietis, f )

rest, peace, quiet

ratio (rationis, f )

account, reckoning, manner, reason

salus (salutis, f)

health, safety, greeting

impetus (impetus, m )

attack, impulse

metus (metus, m)

fear

passus (passus, m )

pace

tumultus (tumultus, m )

uproar, disturbance, civil war

vultus (vultus, m )

face, expression

acies (aciei, f )

line, battle line, army

vis (pl vires, f )

force, violence; (pl) strength, forces

erga (+ acc )

towards

ob (+ acc )

because of, on account of

praeter (+ acc )

beyond, except, besides

propter (+ acc )

on account of, because of

extra (+ acc )

outside, beyond

infra (+ acc )

below

idem (eadem, idem )

the same

quidam (quaedam, quoddam )

one, a certain, some

quisquam (quicquam )

anyone, anything

quisque (quaeque, quidque )

each, each one, every

quisquis (quicquid )

whoever, whatever

uter? (utra, utrum )

which (of two)?

uterque (utraque, utrumque )

each (of two), both

vester (vestra, vestrum )

your (pl)

cogito (cogitare, cogitavi, cogitatus )

think, consider

despero (desperare, desperavi, desperatus)

despair

iuvo (iuvare, iuvi, iutus )

help

mando (mandare, mandavi, mandatus )

commit, entrust, command

muto (mutare, mutavi, mutatus)

change, alter

orno (ornare, ornavi, ornatus )

adorn, decorate, provide, equip

postulo (postulare, postulavi, postulatus )

demand, ask

specto (spectare, spectavi, spectatus )

look at, watch

veto (vetare, vetui, vetitus )

forbid, order…not

miror (mirari, miratus sum )

wonder at, admire

moror (morari, moratus sum)

delay

augeo (augere, auxi, auctus )

increase, exaggerate

caveo (cavere, cavi, cautus )

beware (of), take care

doleo (dolere, dolui )

hurt, be in pain, lament

egeo (egere, egui + gen or abl)

need, be in want of, lack

noceo (nocere, nocui + dat )

hurt, harm

obsideo (obsidere, obsedi, obsessus )

besiege, blockade

retineo (retinere, retinui, retentus )

hold back, restrain, keep

terreo (terrere, terrui, territus )

frighten

valeo (valere, valui )

be strong, have influence

polliceor (polliceri, pollicitus sum )

promise

vereor (vereri, veritus sum )

fear, be afraid

videor (videri, visus sum )

seem, appear, be seen

oportet (oportere, oportuit )

be necessary, ought, must

adimo (adimere, ademi, ademptus )

take away, remove

amitto (amittere, amisi, amissus)

lose

animadverto (animadvertere, animadverti,animadversus)

notice, observe

cano (canere, cecini, cantus )

sing, sound, play (of trumpets etc.)

cedo (cedere, cessi, cessus )

yield, give up; (in compounds) go

cerno (cernere, crevi, cretus )

see, perceive, decree

cingo (cingere, cinxi, cinctus )

surround

cogo (cogere, coegi, coactus )

force, compel, drive, assemble

colo (colere, colui, cultus )

cultivate, worship, honour

condo (condere, condidi, conditus )

found, establish, hide

conficio (conficere, confeci, confectus )

complete, wear out

consisto (consistere, constiti, constitus )

halt, stand, stand firm

conspicio (conspicere, conspexi, conspectus)

notice, observe, see

constituo (constituere, constitui, constitutus )

decide, establish

consulo (consulere, consului, consultus )

consult, consider, advise

corripio (corripere, corripui, correptus )

seize, carry off

desino (desinere, desii, desitus)

cease

efficio (efficere, effeci, effectus)

carry out, accomplish

excipio (excipere, excepi, exceptus )

receive, take, welcome

fallo (fallere, fefelli, falsus )

deceive, cheat, escape one’s notice

instruo (instruere, instruxi, instructus )

draw up, prepare, equip, supply

iungo (iungere, iunxi, iunctus )

join, unite, fasten

parco (parcere, peperci + dat )

spare

pario (parere, peperi, partus )

win, acquire, gain, secure

posco (poscere, poposci )

demand, ask for

praeficio (praeficere, praefeci, praefectus )

put in charge of

prodo (prodere, prodidi, proditus )

betray, surrender

reddo (reddere, reddidi, redditus )

give back, restore, hand over, make

reficio (reficere, refeci, refectus)

repair, restore, refresh

relinquo (relinquere, reliqui, relictus )

leave, leave behind, abandon

sino (sinere, sivi, situs )

allow, permit

solvo (solvere, solvi, solutus )

loose, pay

sperno (spernere, sprevi, spretus )

despise, reject, scorn

statuo (statuere, statui, statutus)

fix, determine, decide, arrange

sumo (sumere, sumpsi, sumptus )

take, take up

tego (tegere, texi, tectus )

cover, protect, hide

veho (vehere, vexi, vectus )

carry, bear, convey

verto (vertere, verti, versus )

turn

aggredior (aggredi, aggressus sum )

attack, approach

egredior (egredi, egressus sum)

go out, come out

labor (labi, lapsus sum )

glide, slip, fall

nascor (nasci, natus sum )

am born

proficiscor (proficisci, profectus sum )

set out, depart

queror (queri, questus sum )

complain

utor (uti, usus sum + abl )

use, enjoy

fido (fidere, fisus sum )

trust, rely upon

munio (munire, munivi, munitus)

fortify, defend, guard

potior (potiri, potitus sum + gen or abl )

seize, get possession of

orior (oriri, ortus sum )

rise, start, originate

licet (licere, licuit + dat )

it is allowed

confero (conferre, contuli, conlatus )

collect, compare, contribute, bestow

fio (fieri, factus sum)

become, be made, happen

infero (inferre, intuli, illatus/inlatus )

inflict, bring to, cause, carry against

malo (malle, malui )

prefer

praesum (praeesse, praefui + dat )

be in charge of

operam do

I take pains, give attention (to)

opus est

there is need (of)

poenas do

pay the penalty, am punished

navem solvo

set sail

usui est

it is useful

terga verto

retreat

certiorem facere

inform

signa inferre

attack, charge

bellum inferre

make war on

obviam eo (ire, i(v)i + dat )

meet, go to meet, oppose, resist

me recipio

retreat, withdraw

audeo (audere, ausus sum )

dare

navis longa (navis longa )

warship

navis oneraria (navis oneraria )

merchant ship

noctu (noctu)

by night

quam + superlative (quad + superlative)

as…as possible

Studium (studii, n)

Eagerness, study, devotion

Laedo (laedere, laesi, laesus)

Hurt, injure, harm

Excito (excitare excitavi excitatus)

Wake rouse excite

Opera (operae f)

Work effort attention trouble

Occasio (occasionis f)

Opportunity occasion

Munus (muneris n)

Service duty present

Odio est + dat

Be hated by

Incito (incitare incitavi incitatus)

Urge on encourage arouse

Frustra

In vain

Incipio (incipere incepi inceptus)

Begin

Confido (confidere confisus sum + dat)

Trust believe have confidence

Quot?

How many?

Fuga (fugae f)

Flight escape

I go

Validus (valida validum)

Strong powerful

Velut

Just as, like, as, as if

Superus (supera superum)

upper higher

Sententia (sententiae f)

Opinion judgement sentence

Officium (officii f)

Duty task function

Praebeo (praebere praebui praebitus)

Provide give show offer

Minor (minari minatus sum + dat)

Threaten

Etsi

Although

Supersum (superesse superfui)

Be left, remain, survive

Antequam

Before

Ne…quidem

Not…even

Laus (laudis f)

Praise honour credit

Curo (curare curavi curatus)

Care for, care

With gerundive = get something done

Simul

At the same time

Ara (arae f)

Altar

Ordo (ordinis m)

Rank order line

Ripa (ripae f)

Bank

Patior (pati passus sum)

Suffer endure allow

Plerique (pleraeque pleraque )

Most the majority

Hasta (hastae f)

Spear

Puto (putare putavi putatus)

Think consider reckon

Pauper (pauperis)

Poor

Finis (finis m)

End boundary pl territory

Pons (pontis m)

Bridge

Legatus (legati m)

(Legionary) commander ambassador envoy

Perficio (perficere perfeci perfectus)

Bring about complete perfect

Utrum

Whether

Cognosco (cognoscere cognovi cognitus)

Get to know find out learn

-ne

Introduces question

Inquam (inquit, inquiunt)

Say

Num

Surely…not whether

Mille passus

Mile

Aperio (aperire aperui apertus)

Open reveal disclose

Durus (dura durum)

Hard harsh rough

Obliviscor (oblivisci oblitus sum)

Forget

Dubius (dubia dubium)

Doubtful wavering

Nec neque

And not nor neither

Iustus (iusta iustum)

Right, just, lawful, complete

Vetus (veteris)

Old

Refero (referre rettuli relatus)

Bring back, report, refer

Liber (libri m)

Book

Celo (celare celavi celatus)

Hide

Omitto (omittere omisi omissus)

Neglect, disregard, make no mention of

Vestis (vestis f)

Clothes

Mensis m

Month

Spatium (spatii, n)

Space interval distance

Latus (lateris n)

Side, wing

Tutus (tuta tutum)

Safe

Suscipio (suscipere suscepi susceptus)

Take up, undertake, begin, bear

Pello (pellere pepuli pulsus)

Push, drive, route

Invitus (invita invitum)

Unwilling, reluctant

Erro (erravi erratus)

Wander make a mistake

Ago (agere egi actus)

Do act drive

Rectus (recta rectum)

Straight direct right proper

Undique

From all sides, on all sides

Coepi (coepisse coeptus)

Began

Disco (discere didici)

Learn

Novi (notus)

Know

Iacio (iacere ieci iactus)

In compounds -icio

Throw

Semel

Once

Adipiscor (adipisci adeptus sum)

Obtain

Talis (tale)

Such

Gero (gerere gessi gestus)

Bear, wage, wage war, manage

Libens (libentis)

Willing, glad

Pedem/ me refero

Retreat

Simulac, simulatque

As soon as

Vito (vitare vitavi vitatus)

Avoid

Opprimo (opprimere oppressi oppressus)

Overwhelm, crush, weigh down

Adeo

So much, so greatly, to such an extent

Impedire

Hinder