Hard-soft final study Flashcards
The first GUI was developed at ________________________ in the 1970s.
Xerox’s Palo Alto Research Center (PARC)
What computer generation uses microprocessors?
Fourth-generation
What device incorporates many transistors and electronic circuits on a single chip of silicon?
Integrated Circuit
What computer generation introduced integrated circuits, which cut costs and launched the minicomputer industry?
Third-generation
With ______ technology, engineers could place the equivalent of more than 5,000 transistors on a single chip, which was enough to create processing unit
Large-scale integration
What computer generation used vacuum tubes and had to be programmed in difficult-to-use machine languages?
First-generation
What is concerned with the behavior and effects of electrons as they pass through devices that can restrict their flow in various ways?
Electronic
What is based on binary? It contains only the numbers 0 and 1.
Machine Language
What computer generation introduced transistors and high-level programming languages, such as COBOL and FORTRAN?
Second-generation
What is the device that contains the entire arithmetic logic unit and control unit of a computer?
Microprocessor
What is a solid-state device acts like a vacuum tube, but it is a ‘sandwich’ of differing materials?
Semiconductor
What is the technology that enables today’s computer industry?
Electronics
Main frame computers which share resources between many users utilize ___________, control devices equipped with a video display and keyboard, for timeshared systems.
Terminals
In _____________________ designs, the various components connect according to nonproprietary, published standards.
Open architecture
A/n ________________ is a small, second-generation electronic device that can control the flow of electricity in an electronic circuit.
Transistor
The _____________________ was the earliest electronic device that powered all electronic devices until the advent of solid-state devices.
Vacuum tube
__________________ technologies enable many people to use a computer simultaneously.
Timesharing
The ________________________ is the list of operations a processor is designed to carry out.
Instruction set
With first generation computers, such as ENIAC,instructions were entered by _______.
rewiring the entire machine
Memory that is older and has a row of legs down each side of the chip is known as a ________ chip
DIP
The manufacturing process used to etch transistors onto the silicon wafer that will become the CPU is referred to as the _______________________ .
Process size
The ________ chip requires a battery to remember the settings when the computer is turned off.
CMOS
The power supply converts _________
AC current to DC current.
Power supplies provide _____, ____, and _____ volts
3.3, 5 and 12