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11A - Geography > Hard Engineering - Rivers > Flashcards

Hard Engineering - Rivers Flashcards

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1
Q

What is hard engineering in geography?

A

Hard engineering refers to man-made structures built to control natural processes, such as coastal defenses and river embankments.

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2
Q

What is the purpose of hard engineering?

A

The purpose of hard engineering is to reduce the impact of natural hazards, such as flooding or erosion, on human activities and infrastructure.

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3
Q

What are examples of hard engineering methods used in coastal areas?

A

Examples of hard engineering methods in coastal areas include sea walls, groynes, and rock armor.

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4
Q

What is the main advantage of using hard engineering in managing rivers?

A

The main advantage of using hard engineering in managing rivers is that it provides immediate protection against flooding and erosion.

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5
Q

What are the potential drawbacks of hard engineering approaches?

A

Potential drawbacks of hard engineering approaches include high cost, environmental impacts, and the risk of creating new problems downstream.

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6
Q

True or False: Hard engineering methods are always effective in preventing natural hazards.

A

False

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7
Q

Fill in the blank: Hard engineering strategies are often used in urban areas to ____________ flooding.

A

reduce

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8
Q

What is the term for the process of moving sediment along a coastline due to wave action?

A

Longshore drift

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9
Q

What is the purpose of building groynes along a coastline?

A

The purpose of building groynes along a coastline is to trap sediment and build up beaches.

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10
Q

What is the role of revetments in coastal defense?

A

Revetments are sloping structures built to absorb and deflect wave energy, protecting the coast from erosion.

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11
Q

What is the main goal of using hard engineering in river management?

A

The main goal of using hard engineering in river management is to reduce the risk of flooding and protect human settlements.

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12
Q

What is the term for the artificial raising of river banks to contain floodwaters?

A

Embankment

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13
Q

What is the purpose of constructing flood relief channels?

A

The purpose of constructing flood relief channels is to divert excess water away from populated areas during periods of high rainfall.

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14
Q

True or False: Hard engineering methods can have negative impacts on the environment.

A

True

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15
Q

What is the term for the gradual wearing away of rock or soil by natural processes?

A

Erosion

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16
Q

What is the primary factor that drives the need for hard engineering interventions in coastal areas?

A

Sea level rise

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17
Q

Fill in the blank: Hard engineering structures can disrupt natural ____________ processes.

A

erosion

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18
Q

What is the term for the process of removing sediment from one location and depositing it in another?

A

Dredging

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19
Q

What is the primary goal of using hard engineering in coastal areas?

A

The primary goal of using hard engineering in coastal areas is to protect infrastructure and prevent erosion.

20
Q

What are the potential consequences of relying solely on hard engineering for flood management?

A

The potential consequences of relying solely on hard engineering for flood management include increased flood risk downstream and environmental degradation.

21
Q

True or False: Hard engineering methods are permanent solutions to natural hazards.

A

False

22
Q

What is the term for the natural process of rivers depositing sediment along their banks?

A

Accretion

23
Q

What is the main challenge associated with hard engineering approaches in river management?

A

The main challenge associated with hard engineering approaches in river management is maintaining and repairing structures over time.

24
Q

What is the term for the process of removing material from a river channel to improve flow?

A

Channelization

25
Q

What are the key considerations when implementing hard engineering strategies in coastal areas?

A

Key considerations when implementing hard engineering strategies in coastal areas include cost, environmental impact, and long-term effectiveness.

26
Q

What is the term for the process of land being submerged by water?

A

Inundation

27
Q

What is the primary objective of using hard engineering in managing coastal erosion?

A

The primary objective of using hard engineering in managing coastal erosion is to stabilize coastlines and protect property.

28
Q

True or False: Hard engineering methods can alter natural habitats and ecosystems.

A

True

29
Q

What is the term for the process of waves breaking down and carrying away material from a coastline?

A

Erosion

30
Q

What is the main advantage of using hard engineering in coastal erosion control?

A

The main advantage of using hard engineering in coastal erosion control is the immediate protection it provides to vulnerable areas.

31
Q

What is the term for the artificial structures built perpendicular to the coastline to trap sediment?

A

Groynes

32
Q

What is the purpose of constructing seawalls along coastlines?

A

The purpose of constructing seawalls along coastlines is to protect against wave erosion and flooding.

33
Q

What is the term for the process of water overflowing onto normally dry land?

A

Flooding

34
Q

What is the main concern associated with constructing hard engineering structures in river management?

A

The main concern associated with constructing hard engineering structures in river management is the potential impact on downstream areas.

35
Q

What is the term for the process of rivers eroding their banks due to high flow rates?

A

Bank erosion

36
Q

What is the primary benefit of using hard engineering in coastal defense?

A

The primary benefit of using hard engineering in coastal defense is the protection it offers to human settlements and infrastructure.

37
Q

True or False: Hard engineering methods can completely eliminate the risk of natural hazards.

A

False

38
Q

What is the term for the process of sand and sediment being transported along a coastline?

A

Longshore drift

39
Q

What is the primary drawback of relying solely on hard engineering for flood management?

A

The primary drawback of relying solely on hard engineering for flood management is the potential for increased flood risk downstream.

40
Q

What is the term for the process of waves wearing away the base of a cliff?

A

Wave-cutting

41
Q

What is the main purpose of using hard engineering in river flood management?

A

The main purpose of using hard engineering in river flood management is to protect settlements and infrastructure from inundation.

42
Q

What is the term for the process of sediment being carried downstream by a river?

A

Sediment transport

43
Q

What is the role of gabions in hard engineering?

A

Gabions are wire cages filled with rocks used to stabilize riverbanks and prevent erosion.

44
Q

What is the term for the process of water settling on the ground due to heavy rainfall?

A

Runoff

45
Q

What is the primary goal of using hard engineering in coastal management?

A

The primary goal of using hard engineering in coastal management is to protect coastal communities and infrastructure from erosion and flooding.

11A - Geography (8 decks)

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