Hard Engineering

Question 1

Structures (5)

Answer 1

Groynes
Sea walls
Rip rap
Resentments
Offshore breakwater

Question 2

Groynes what (3)

Answer 2

Timber or rock structures
Right angles to coast
Trap sediment being moved along coast by Longshore drift

Question 3

Adavantegs of groynes (4)

Answer 3

Build up beaches
Increase tourists
Protects land behind it
Not too expensive

Question 4

Disadvantages of groynes (3)

Answer 4

Starve beaches further down
Increased erosion elsewhere
Unnatural and unattractive

Question 5

Sea walls what (2)

Answer 5

Stone or concrete walls at foot of cliff or top of beach
Curved face to reflect waves

Question 6

Advantage of sea wall (2)

Answer 6

Effective prevention of erosion
Promenade for people to walk on

Question 7

Disadvantage of sea walls (3+)

Answer 7

Reflect wave energy rather than absorbing
Intrusive and unattractive
Expensive to build and Maintain

Question 8

Rock armour what (2)

Answer 8

Large rocks placed at foot of cliff or top of beach
Forms permeable barrier to sea

Question 9

Adavanatges of rock armour (2)

Answer 9

Cheap + easy to construct
Used for recreation = fishing + sunbathing

Question 10

Disadvantages of rock armour (2)

Answer 10

Intrusive
Dangerous = people clambering on them

Question 11

Revetments what (3)

Answer 11

Sloping wooden, concrete or rock structures
Foot of cliff or top of beach
Break up waves energy

Question 12

Advantages of revetments

Answer 12

Relatively inexpensive

Question 13

Disadvantage of revetments (2)

Answer 13

Intrusive + unnatural
Need high levels of maintenance

Question 14

Offshore breakwater what (2)

Answer 14

A partly submerged rock barrier
Designed to break up waves before they reach coast

Question 15

Advantages of offshore breakwater

Answer 15

An effective permeable barrier

Question 16

Disadvantages of offshore breakwater (2)

Answer 16

Visually unappealing
Potential navigation hazard