Harappa Flashcards
Egypt goddess name
Isis
Guess who? Three heads and horns Yogi posture Elephant Tiger Rhino Buffalo
Pasupati
Tree worship in IVC
Animals
Peepal
Humped bull
Non aryan written veda
Atharva veda
Amulets
One steatite robe over left shoulder and under the right arm, and shirt locks at the back if the head are kept tidy by a woven fillet
A Harappan image
Terracotta works
Unsophisticated Shows contrast in class of people who used it.
Dancing girl
Bronze
Tribhanga
Right hand-waist
Chessboard, drainage pipes, cess pit
Harappa
Even Creta in knoss didn’t show such skill in the use of burnt bricks
Painted grey ware
Punjab and haryana
Vedic
Areas of Early Harappan
Amri-nal, Damb sadaat, Kot diji,
Siswal
Great Bath
The Great Bath - large rectangular tank in a courtyard
surrounded by a corridor on all four sides.
Two flights of steps on the north and south leading
into the tank
Made watertight by setting bricks on edge and using a
mortar of gypsum or layer of natural tar
Rooms on three sides, in one of which was a large well.
Water from the tank flowed into a huge drain to the
north - eight bathrooms
Meant for some kind of a special ritual bath
Dholavira also had the same type of tank.
Granaries
Warehouse – massive structure, lower brick
portions remain, while the upper portions, probably
of wood, decayed long ago.
And some cities like Mohenjodaro, Harappa, and
Lothal had elaborate store houses – Granaries.
largest building in Mohen jodaro is a granary.
Harappa granary had thrashing floors and
two roomed barracks.
Kalibangan also had granary like structures.
Drainage system
Roads and streets laid out along an approximate “grid” pattern,intersecting at right angles.
Streets with drains laid out first and then houses built along them.
Every house had at least one wall along a street, domestic waste water had to flow into the street drains
Main channels made of bricks set in mortar and were covered with loose bricks that could be removed for cleaning.
Each drain had a gentle slope so that water could flow through it.
Limestone used for the covers. Sumps were provided
Drainage systems found in smaller settlements as well.
Lothal – houses of mud bricks, drains of burnt bricks
Agriculture
Presently, not fertile regions had better natural vegetation and agriculture in that time.
Annual inundation of Indus is considered to be the major reason of its fertility.
The Harappans ate a wide range of plant and animal
products, including fish.
Finds of charred grains and seeds.
Wheat, barley, lentil, chickpea, pulses, peas,
linseed, mustard and sesame.
Millets are found from sites in Gujarat.
Finds of rice are relatively rare.
Harappans are the earliest to produce cotton, because of this Greeks called them ‘sindon’
Agricultural Technologies
Bull was known, oxen were used for ploughing.
Terracotta models of the plough in Cholistan, Banawali (Haryana).
Ploughed field at Kalibangan (Rajasthan)
Two sets of furrows at right angles to each other, two different crops were grown together.
Most Harappan sites in semi-arid lands, so irrigation.
Traces of canals -Shortughai in Afghanistan, but not in Punjab or Sind.
Water drawn from wells used for irrigation.
Water reservoirs found in Dholavira (Gujarat)
IVC people are considered as the first to cultivate cotton
Iron was not known to IVC
There is no evidence of coins being used for transactions in IVC
