Handtools Flashcards
What are the three categories of tools used for measuring and layout?
- Measuring tools.
- Layout tools.
- Marking tools.
What tools are used for measuring?
Rules, tapes, squares, dividers, trammels, fish-tapes and electrical testers. (7)
What tools are used for lay-out?
Rules, squares, wrap-arounds, trammels, dividers, contour markers, straight-edges. (7)
What tools are used for marking?
scribers, soap stone markers, trammels, contour markers, dividers, chalk lines, punches. (8)
Some tools are specific to their function, while others perform more than one function. t or f?
true.
What is a micrometer caliper (‘mike”) used for?
it is a measuring tool that is used in welding when it is necessary to obtain very accurate measurements (within 0.001”)
What lengths do steel rules come in?
- 15cm to 30cm for metric
2 6” or 12” for imperial
The simplest and most common measuring tool is ?
the steel rule (common rule)
A metal or wood folding rule is used for measuring and comes in sizes?
- 0.6m to 2m
2. 2” to 6’
metal or wood folding rules are not relied on for accurate measurements because?
Certain amount of wear develops at the joints.
As opposed to rules, straightedge…
do not have graduations incorporated along the edges.
Straightedge lengths
- 1’ to 10’
2. 305 mm to 3m
Straightedges are usually chamfered for better accuracy t or f ?
true.
the two purposes of straight edges are
- to mark straight lines on the workpiece
2. to check if the surface material is flat.
two types of measuring tapes
- short line tapes
2. long line tapes
long line tapes can be made off
- cloth, fibreglass or metal and have a loop at the end.
Squares are primarily used for..
Checking accuracy of an angle or for laying out lines.
Squares can be used for both measuring and layout, t or f?
true. Most squares have a rule marked on their edges.
Most common use of a carpenters square(framing square, construction or two foot square) is
For layout and squaring of large patterns.
Try squares (set square, machinist square) are made up of
- a thick wood or metal stock called a beam.
2. a thin steel blade.
The most versatile square in the pipe trades is the
Combination Square.
A combination square is made up of four parts
- The steel rule
- Square head
- Centre head
- Bevel Protractor.
Levels are used to ensure work is..
true horizontal (level) or true vertical (plumb).
Wrap-arounds are designed to..
serve as a guide for making a straight line around a piece of pipe so that the end may be squared ( wrap around 1 1/4 times)
Contour markers are used for
pipe and structural layouts. specifically for developing cut lines for any angle. Can be used just like a wrap around.
What is soapstone used for
marking metal
What are the three grades soapstone is available in
- natural soapstone- (light gray - soft)
- powdered mix with clay agent. (white and hard)
- talc/powdered lead mix. ( dark grey, sticks on better on materials, silver color.
Should you use a grinder to sharpen soapstone?
No, as it creates a cloud of powder that can affect breathing and injure your health.
How to sharpen soapstone ?
Use a file or rasp or coarse sandpaper.
Chalk lines come in both ..
bar and powder form
Chalk lines use ..
braided nylon or nylon cotton blend string and usually have a metal loop with a tab tied on the end.
a scriber is a
tool with a hardened steel or carbide point that is used to scratch a thin line on the workpiece.
Useful instruments for the transferring of measurements and are frequently used in scribing arcs and circle in layout work.
Dividers
length of Dividers are measured from…
the pivot point to the end of the leg.
Trammel points
used to scribe arcs and circles and transfer measurements which are beyond the range of dividers. can be mounted on 1/2 or 3/4 pipe.
Fish tapes are used for
pulling cables into raceways(conduit or electrical metallic tubing (EMT).
Fish-tapes cannot be used for measuring
false
fish tapes can be made of
steel, nylon or non-conductive fiberglass
Electrical testers confirm
whether or not a circuit is energized. (voltage or no voltage)
Plier size is defined by..
the overall length of the plier.
Wire strippers has slots on the jaw specifically designed for removing insulation of what type of wires
Sizes put forth by American Wire gauge (AWG) sizes
needlenose pliers are commonly used in the pipetrades for…
cutting wire and cleaning spatter from gas nozzles when working with GMAW(gas metal arc welding) or FCAW (flux cored arc welding.
Locking pliers are also known as .. and are used for
vise-grips, high gripping power.
Tool specifically designed for used in gas metal arc welding (gmaw).
Welding pliers.
Tool used to hold material in a wide variety of work situations.
C-clamp
The size of a C-clamp is determined by
the maximum distance between the jaws when the jaws are fully open.
useful for clamping materials over long distances
bar clamp
pipeclamps are used for
aligning pipe joints for tacking.
Vises are made of …. and are sized according to
cast iron or cast steel, according to the width of the jaws.
A drill press vise should always be
clamped to the drill press table before you commence drilling operations.
Soil pipe cutters are used for
cutting cast-iron soil pipe.
soil-pipe cutters cut pipe by
applying pressure on a cutter wheel chain to a point where the pipe fractures along a predetermined line.
hacksaws are used for …
cutting metal
a properly tensioned hacksaw vibrates with a clear
humming sound when plucked.
You should always mount hacksaw blades so that cutting is done on the
push stroke(teeth pointed forward).
hacksaw blades come in two types
all-hardened and flexible (only teeth hardened)
Files are …
versatile cutting tools that are used primarily for preparation and finish work in welding operations.
The parts of the file are
- tang (where you attach a handle, soft)
- heel (widened portion after tang, commence length)
- face
- edge
- point (end)
Files size is measured from
point to the heel.
Diagonal pliers are often used in the pipetrades when working with
GMAW and FCAW
The parts of a hammer are
- The face (flat striking surface)
- The peen(Opposite to the face)
- The eye (hole that receives the handle)
- The post (centre section which is softer but tougher to absorb impact)
Chipping hammers are used for
removing slag and spatter from welds.
the three configurations of chipping hammers are
straight blade and point, cross blade and point and straight and cross blade.
Punches are
held by hand and struck with a hammer, made of tempered steel.
a prick punch is sharper than a centre punch, they have a point angle of ..
30 to 60 degrees.
pinch and pry bars are commonly used in the pipetrades for
aligning flanges.
Box wrenches come in …. for use on hexagon-shaped fasteners and in ….. for use on square-shaped nuts and bolts
- six or twelve point design
2. eight point design.
box wrenches are angled at
15 degrees
socket wrenches are available in
six point, eight point and twelve point.
you should use an adjustable wrench only when
the proper size open end or box wrench is not available.
When using an adjustable wrench
moveable jaws should always face the direction of rotation.
allen wrenches or (hex wrenches) are sized by
the distance across the flats of the wrench.
Pipe wrenches can grip pipe and
cylindrically shaped objects
pipe wrench sizes vary from … and is determined by the …
6’’ to 60”, overall length with the jaws fully open.
lightweight alloy tools, such as aluminum are not allowed in areas with flammables or potentially explosive. this is because
aluminum can build up with static electricity and can cause static discharge. specially designed brass tools are used in these cases.
Spud wrenches come only in size of
12”
hec or spud wrenches are used for
tightening valves or other hexagon-shapped and flat sided fittings.
Wire brushes are can be used for
cleaning weld joints before, during and after welding.
wire brushes should be restricted to
one particular metal only to avoid contamination from any other metal.
the tips of the wire brush does all the work ?
true.
Pipe cutters are recommended for cutting tube or tubing, t or f?
false
Pipe cutters cut pipe in sizes ..
1/8” to 6” NPS
single-wheel cutters have one wheel and two rollers, it is necessary to have a complete 360 degree swing around the pipe. t or f?
true
multi-wheel cutters have three or more cutting wheels, t or f?
true.
one advantage of multi-wheel cutters is…
you can cut pipe in tight corners as you do not need 360 degree swing around the pipe. the more cutting wheels the less swing angle needed.
multi-wheel cutters tend to …
spiral if not set square.
pipe cutters do not “cut “ the metal but they
displace it.
single-wheel cutters leave an … when they cut
internal burr
multi-wheel cutters leave both an … when they cut
internal and an external burr
burrs must be removed when cutting pipe t or f?
true
spiral reamers should never be used with
power drives.
what tool is used to remove internal burrs
pipe reamers
pipe reamers are available in two types ..
spiral-fluted and straight-fluted
external burrs are removed with a
file
if internal burrs are not removed they cause
- bore of pipe is restricted resulting in pressure loss.
- turbulent flow in the pipe which can cause local erosion of the pipe .
- burr catches foreign matter and creates stoppage in the pipe.
internal burrs must be removed by requirement of the plumbing, gas and ASME piping codes. t or f ?
true.
what type of thread is used in industry?
the national pipe thread (NPT) or the American Standard Pipe Thread (ASPT). both are the same.
internal threads have the same form and taper as a male thread to ensure a good, leakproof joint when threads are tightened. t or f?
true
external thread is cut with
pipe threading dies
a dull chisel is more likely to
slip and tends to chip more easily.
when a chisel is mushroomed it must be
grinded to its original shaft size or contour.
a “wedge” is used to
secure the head of a hammer to the handle. they are driven into the end of the handle to expand it against the head of the hammer.
screwdrivers can be used as pry bars or chisels t or f?
false.
you should never hammer on a screwdriver t or f ?
true
when using a hacksaw remember to
- select the correct blade( 2 teeth on material at all times)
- do not exert excessive force.
- use both hands for cutting when possible.
the most effective speed when using a hacksaw is..
40 to 50 strokes per minute.
when referring to hacksaw, a pitch refers to
number of teeth per inch.
Set refers to
a slight outward bend on the teeth, used to provide clearance for the blade inside the cut or kerf.
three different kinds of hacksaw blade set are
- Alternate set
- Raker set
- undulated set
Alternate set blade means that ..
alternate teeth are bent slightly sideways in opposite directions.
raker set blade means that…
every third tooth remains straight and the other two are set alternately.
an undulated set blade means that..
short sections of teeth are bent in opposite directions.
never hammer on file or hammer with a file because they are
very brittle and can shatter.
Never use a file as a pry bar t or f ?
true.
Wrenches should be pulled toward you with constant force t or f?
true.
you should use snipes on wrenches t or f?
false.
files and hacksaws only cut when you ?
push them.
chisel size is determined by..
overall tool length and width of the cutting edge.
the four basic cuts of files are
- single-cut(for smooth finish)
- double-cut (most common bastard, coarse, quicker)
- Rasp (wood)
- curved tooth (for aluminum and soft non-ferrous metals)
32 teeth per inch hacksaw blades is the best choice for cutting..
thin stock.
