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Network Security > handout2 > Flashcards

handout2 Flashcards

1
Q

Mirai

A

malware that infects smart devices and turn them into remotely controlled bots, it is known as botnets and used to launch DDOS attacks

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2
Q

Stuxnet

A

Computer worm originally aimed at Iran nuclear facilities, it targeted PLCs (Programmable logic controllers ) and it was capable of crippling hardware

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3
Q

What is internet

A

Networks of networks

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4
Q

Network

A

Collection of interconnected devices

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5
Q

Securing the network infrastructure is having

A

CIA
1- Confidentiality
2- Integrity
3- Availability

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6
Q

Security

A

State of well being of information and infrastructure in which the possibility of successful yet undetected theft, distortion, or tampering of information is kept low or tolerable

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7
Q

Information Security

A

Operations that protect information and information systems

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8
Q

Five layers that we must protect

A 
First layer (physical)
Second layer (link)
Third layer (network)
Fourth layer (Transport)
Fifth layer (application)
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9
Q

The layers are from botttom to top

A

PLNTA

physical > Link >Network > Transport > application

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10
Q

Asset

A

Resource that we need to protect

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11
Q

Threat

A

Potential violation of security

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12
Q

Vulnerabilitty

A

Weakness in the security

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13
Q

Risk

A

Potential damage or misuse of an asset

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14
Q

Attack

A

action that violates security

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15
Q

Authenticity/Authentication

A

Sender/receiver wants to confirm identity of each other

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16
Q

Authorization

A

Confirming what a user or entity is allowed to do

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17
Q

Confidentiality

A

Concealment of information or resources

Only sender and intended receiver should understand message content

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18
Q

Integrity

A

preventing unauthorized changes-trustworthiness of data

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19
Q

Non repudiation

A

When a message is received, the receiver can prove that the sender sent the message

When a message is sent , the sender can prove that the receiver received the message

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20
Q

Access control

A

Refers to what entities can use specific information or resources

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21
Q

Availability

A

Services must be available to entities

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22
Q

Interception

A

Unauthorized access to information

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23
Q

Fabrication

A

Unauthorized assumption of others identity

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24
Q

Availability attacks

A

Destroy hardware or software

or Modify software

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25
Q

Passive attacks

A

Learn or make use of information of the system without affecting system resources

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26
Q

Active attacks

A

Attempts to alter system resources or affect their operation

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27
Q

Example attacks on the internet ISP

A 
Propagating false routing entries
Domain name hijacking
link flooding
configuration change
Packet interception
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28
Q

Example Attacks On corporation/ Campus networks

A

 Unauthorized access to hosts (client, server)
 Disclosure and modification of network data
 Denial-of-service (DoS) attacks
 Distributed DoS (DDoS) attacks

29
Q

Example Attacks On application layer

A

Viruses, mail bombs, email attachments

30
Q

Network

A

Network is secure as it single weakest layer

31
Q

Internet protocol stack is made up from

A

Physical, Link , network, transport, application

32
Q

Phyiscal Layer

A

The bits on the wire or in the air

33
Q

Link Layer

A

data transfer between neighboring network elements (PPP, Ethernet)

34
Q

Network Layer

A

Routing of datagrams from source to destination like IP , routing protocols

35
Q

Transport layer

A

process-process data transfer like TCP, UDP

36
Q

Application Layer

A

Supporting network apps like FTP, SMTP, HTTP

37
Q

Missing layers in internet protocol Stack

A

Presentation and Session

They are embedded in application

38
Q

Encapsulation

A

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vk_KQ6fwSxc

39
Q

Application layer like email

A

They are software programs, and they run on different end systems (Windows, MAC, Linux..)
Application layer protocol: HTTP, FTP, SMTP, DNS, RTP, SNMP, etc…

40
Q

Transport layer

A

Provide logical communication between app processes running on different hosts ( process to process communication)
Transport protocols run on end systems
Each end system has abstract destination points called ports
To communicate with a process , sender needs IP address and port number

41
Q

TCP

A

reliable in order delivery

42
Q

UDP

A 
Unreliable unordered delivery
"best-effort" IP
Best effort service
Usually used for data streaming
Loss tolerant
43
Q

TCP: Transport control Protocol

A

Point to point
One sender, one receiver,
Reliable in order byte system
Full duplex (Bi directional data flow in same connection)

44
Q

Internetworking

A

provides the ability to communicate between many different networks
In internetworking we have: Network, Routers, Internet Protocol

45
Q

Network layer

A

> Transport segment from sending to receiving host
Sender; encapsulates segments into datagrams
Receiver: deliver segment to transport layer

46
Q

Routers examine header fields in all IP datagrams passing through them

A

True

47
Q

In routers we have

A

> Interconnection of different networks
Encapsulation of network layer datagrams in MAC layer frames
Fragmentaion if datagram is too large
Forwarding of packets from routers input to appropriate router output
Routing : determine route taken by packet from source to destination

48
Q

IP address

A

> 32 bits

> Identify host and router interfaces

49
Q

Routing algorithms

A

> Global : Algorithm has complete knowledge about the network
Decentralized: Router knows physically connected neighbors

50
Q

Data link layer

A

Responsibility of transferring datagram from one node to adjacent node over a link

51
Q

Data link services : Framing

A

Encapsulating datagram into frame adding header and trailer

52
Q

Data link services: Error detection/ correction

A

Receiver detects presence of errors

53
Q

Data link Reliable transmission

A

Mechanisms for retransmission of frame

54
Q

Multiple access protocols

A 
Two different network scenarios:
1- Point to Point (PPP) for dial up access
2- Multiple access:
Ethernet 
Token rings, FDDI
55
Q

MAC addresses

A

Used to get frame from one interface to another
48 bits burnt in the adapter ROM
Each adapter has unique MAC address

56
Q

Nodes connect to hub or switches

A

True

57
Q

Hubs

A

LAN repeaters

58
Q

What are switches

A

Switches are link layer devices

59
Q

What switches do

A

> store and forward Ethernet frames
Examine frame header and selectively forward frame based on MAC addresses
When frame is forwarded , check if channel is free to transmit

60
Q

Hosts are unaware of presence of switches *switches are transparent)

A

True

61
Q

Switches do not need to be configured

A

True

62
Q

Switch filter packets

A

Same LAN segment do not usually forwarded onto other LAN segments

63
Q

Vulnerabilities - Physical Access

A

Physical access : If a computer can be physically accessed , control can be gained straight forward
countermeasure: computers must be kept in a physically secure environment

64
Q

Vulnerabilities - software flaws

A

> Can occur in OS or application programs

65
Q

Buffer overflaw is the most common software flaw

A

true

66
Q

Vulnerabilities - Insecure OSs

A

Windows 3.x doesnot provide any security

Countermeasure: Use as a closed system

67
Q

Vulnerabilities poor configuration

A

like passwordless accounts

Wrong permisssions on files and directories

68
Q

REached 67

A

true

Network Security (9 decks)

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