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Health assessment 5 Prelim > Handout 5 Skin and Nails > Flashcards

Handout 5 Skin and Nails Flashcards

1
Q

is the first part of the physical examination that begins the moment the nurse meets the client.
It requires the nurse to use all of her observational skills while interviewing and interacting with the
client. These observations will lead to clues about the health status of the client.
 The outcome of the general survey provides the nurse with an overall impression of the client’s
whole being

A

The general survey

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2
Q

General survey includes:

A

Physical development and body build
* Gender and sexual development
* Apparent age as compared to reported age
* Skin condition and color
* Dress and hygiene
* Posture and gait
* Level of consciousness
* Behavior, body movement and affect
* Facial expression
* Speech
* Vital signs

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3
Q

largest organ of the body
Purpose:
* Protection
* Thermoregulation
* Electrolyte balance
* Excretion
* Sensation
* Immunity
* Vitamin D synthesis

A

SKIN

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4
Q

Layers of the Skin

A

Epidermis
Dermis
Subcutaneous tissue

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5
Q

– outer layer of the skin
dead keratinized cells
replaced every 3-4 weeks

A

Epidermis

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6
Q

layers of epidermis

A

Stratum corneum (
 Stratum lucidum
 Stratum granulosum
 Stratum germinativum (basale)

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7
Q

– inner layer of the skin

with artery and vein
Well vascularized connective tissue layer containing collagen, elastic, fibers, nerve endings and lymph vessels.

Sebaceous glands, sweat glands and hair follicles

A

Dermis

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8
Q

connective tissue
containing fat cells, blood vessels, nerves,
and
the remaining portions of sweat glands and hair
follicles

A

Subcutaneous tissue –

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9
Q

SKIN DISCOLORATIONS

A

PALLOR (pale) -
 JAUNDICE (yellow-orange)
 CYANOSIS (blue) -
 ERYTHEMA

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10
Q

result of inadequate circulating blood or hemoglobin, cause: anemia

A

PALLOR (pale)

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11
Q

resulting from accumulation of bilirubin

A

JAUNDICE (yellow-orange)

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12
Q

increased concentration of deoxyhemoglobin, cause: heart or lung
disease

A

CYANOSIS (blue)

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13
Q
  • resulting from rashes, causes:fever, trauma, blushing, alcohol
    intake
A

ERYTHEMA (redness)

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14
Q

cell division and contains melanin (brown pigment and keratin, forming cells

A

stratum germinativum

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15
Q

– unique pattern of friction ridges (fingerprints)

A

Dermal Papillae

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16
Q

Secrete oily substance called sebum that waterproofs the hair and skin

A

SEBACEOUS GLANDS

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17
Q

Two types SWEAT GLANDS

A

Apocrine
Eccrine

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18
Q

(axillae, perineum & areolae – body odor )

A

Apocrine

19
Q

sweat and thermoregulation

A

Eccrine

20
Q

Loose connective tissue containing fat, cells, blood vessels.
Stores fat as an energy reserve, provides insulation, serve as cushion to protect bones and internal organs, supply of nutrients and removal of waste products to and from the skin.

A

SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE

21
Q

consist of keratinized cells, found all over the body except lips, nipples, soles of the feet, palms of the hands, labia minora and penis

A

HAIR

22
Q

Hair develops within epidermal cells called

A

hair follicle

23
Q

goose flesh (fight or flight)

A

Arector Pili Muscle

24
Q

TWO TYPES OF HAIR

A

VELLUS HAIR
TERMINAL HAIR

25
Q

– short, pale, fine, present much of the body.
> thermoregulation, provides insulation,

A

VELLUS HAIR

26
Q

scalp and eyebrows, longer, generally darker and coarser

A

TERMINAL HAIR

27
Q

> Distal phalanges of fingers and toes are hard, transparent plates of keratinized epidermal cells that grow from the cuticle.

protect the distal ends of the fingers, toes, enhance precise movement of the digits and allow for an extended precision grip.

A

NAILS

28
Q

PARTS of Nails

A

Nail Body
Lunula

29
Q

extends over the entire the nail bed and has a pink tinge as a result of blood vessels underneath

A

Nail Body

30
Q

crescent- shaped area located at the base of the nail.

A

lunula

31
Q

unusual increase in hair growth or change in condition of your hair

A

HAIR LOSS

32
Q

infections, stress, chemotherapy. Generalize hair loss (hyperthyroidism) Malnutrition, anorexia nervosa and bulimia
Hair Loss, Baldness is common in aging

A

ALOPECIA ( patchy hair loss)

33
Q

– increased production of male hormones

A

Hirsutism

34
Q

– Yellow thick, crumbling nails

A

Fungal Infections

35
Q

white color, separation of the nail plate from the nail bed.
6 months – fingernail
12 months – toenails

A

Yeast Infections

36
Q

Sunburns/tanning, sunblock - premature aging of skin
Skin self examination
Exposed to chemical/iritants
Sitting/lying in one position
Exposure to extreme temperature - frostbites/burns
Body piercings/Tattoos - risk for infection, keloid, Hepatitis C infection
Daily routine/products used
History of smoking/drinking alcohol - Psoriasis
skin disorder -
Stress

A

LIFESTYLE & HEALTH PRACTICES

37
Q

linear streak like pattern in dark skinned people, suggest DM

A

Acanthosis Nigricans –

38
Q

or white patches (different amounts of melanin in certain areas

A

– VITILIGO

39
Q

– generalized loss of pigmentation
Dark Skinned Clients have lighter colored palms, soles, nail beds and lips. Pale or light skinned clients have darker pigment around nipples, lips and gneitalias

A

ALBINISM

40
Q

Inspect skin color
assess skin integrity
inspect for lesions

A

SKIN - INSPECTION

41
Q

assess texture
assess thickness

A

skin-palpation

42
Q

sweating

A

diaphoresis

43
Q

how easily the skin is pinched

A

Mobility

44
Q

skin elasticity and how quickly the skin returns to its original shape after being pinched.

A

Turgor

Health assessment 5 Prelim (6 decks)

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