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RQQ > HANDOUT 2 > Flashcards

HANDOUT 2 Flashcards

1
Q

A systematic and objective analysis and recording of controlled observations that may
lead to the development of generalizations, principles or theories, resulting in prediction and
possible control of events.

A

RESEARCH

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2
Q

Research Approaches:

A

Basic / Pure Research
Applied Research
Evaluation Research

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3
Q

Research Approaches:
involves developing and testing theories and hypotheses that are
intellectually challenging to the researcher but may or may not have practical application
at the present time or in the future.

A

Basic / Pure Research

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4
Q

Research Approaches:

aims to find potential solutions to human and societal problems

A

Applied Research

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5
Q

Research Approaches:
aims to see whether a program or activity is meeting or has met
the objectives set for it.

A

Evaluation Research

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6
Q

Evaluation Research

seeks to understand the outcomes or effects of something

A

Summative evaluation

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7
Q

Evaluation Research
seeks to strengthen or improve the person or subject being
tested

A

Formative evaluation

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8
Q

Research Approaches:

aims to bring about an improvement in their own practice.

A

Action Research

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9
Q

Goals of Research:

A
  1. Description
  2. Prediction
  3. Understanding / Explanation
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10
Q

Criteria of Good Research:

A
  1. Systematic
  2. Logical
  3. Empirical
  4. Controlled
  5. Replicable
  6. Self-correcting
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11
Q

Test of Researchability

A
  1. Timeframe for the research study duration
  2. Money needed to conduct the research
  3. Access to facility and data
  4. Availability of expertise
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12
Q

Type of Research in the Academe:

A
  1. Empirical research project with secondary data
  2. Synthesized literature reviews or review essays
  3. Theoretical essays
  4. Positivism
  5. Constructionism
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13
Q

Scientific Research must fulfill the following criteria:

A
  1. Replicability
  2. Precision
  3. Falsifiability
  4. Parsimony
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14
Q

Research Categories:

A
  1. Exploratory Research
  2. Descriptive Research
  3. Explanatory Research
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15
Q

Research Categories:
conducted in new areas of inquiry; aims to generate initial ideas
about a certain new phenomenon.

A
  1. Exploratory Research
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16
Q

Research Categories:
making careful observations and detailed documentation of a
phenomenon.

A
  1. Descriptive Research
17
Q

Research Categories:

seeks explanation of observed phenomenon.

A
  1. Explanatory Research
18
Q

Research Ethics:

A
  1. Voluntary participation and harmlessness
  2. Anonymity and confidentiality
  3. Informed consent
  4. Accurate and complete reporting of findings (even negative ones)
  5. Justice
19
Q

based on facts, not opinions
e.g. My hand has 5 fingers.
The rock is heavy.

A

Observation

20
Q

reasonable conclusion drawn from the observation; possible explanation for the
observation; using all evidences to draw conclusions
e.g. All my socks are blue and they all have holes in them. Therefore, all blue socks
have holes in them

A

Inference

21
Q

an educated guess about a future event that can be drawn from inferences
e.g. I predict if I buy a blue sock it will have a hole in it.

A

Prediction

22
Q

used by scientists to collect measurable, empirical evidence in an experiment
related to a hypothesis that may support or contradict a theory.

A

Scientific Method

23
Q

observations about the world around us

A

Fact

24
Q

a proposed explanation for a phenomenon

A

Hypothesis

25
Q

describes what happens in nature

A

Scientific Law

26
Q

explains why a phenomenon happens

A

Scientific Theory

27
Q

Seven Steps of the Scientific Method

A
  1. Problem: Do mice grow larger if given vitamin C?
  2. Research: Learn about mice, their diet and vitamin C.
  3. Hypothesis: If mice are given vitamin C, then they will grow larger.
  4. Experiment: Two groups of mice – one gets vitamin C, one does not.
  5. Observation: Weigh mice after two weeks – both groups are the same size.
  6. Conclusion: Hypothesis is not correct (rejected).
  7. Communicate: Present your results.
28
Q

Form of Scientific Inquiry/Reasoning:

A 
Inductive Reasoning (theory building
Deductive Reasoning (theory testing)
29
Q

Form of Scientific Inquiry/Reasoning:
infers theoretical concepts and patterns from
observed data.
e.g. It is dangerous to drive on icy streets. The streets are icy now so it is dangerous to
drive now.

A

Inductive Reasoning (theory building

30
Q

Form of Scientific Inquiry/Reasoning:
tests concepts and patterns known from theory
using new empirical data.
e.g. John is an excellent swimmer. John’s family has a swimming pool. John’s sister,
Mary, must also be an excellent swimmer.

A

Deductive Reasoning (theory testing)

31
Q

A representation of persons or objects that can be manipulated, controlled, or merely
measured for the sake of investigation/research. Any factor in the experiment.

A

VARIABLES

32
Q

one that is changed by the researcher; limit to only one in an experiment

A

Independent

33
Q

where the researcher focuses his observations to see how it responds to the change
made to the independent variable.

A

Dependent

34
Q

not being tested but only used for comparison; everything you want to remain constant
and unchanging.

A

Control

35
Q

information expressed by means of a natural language description; involved
qualities
e.g. height, shoe size, age

A

Qualitative Data

36
Q

information that can be measured or computed; involved quantities
e.g. gender, religious preference, socio-economic status

A

Quantitative Data

RQQ (2 decks)

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