Handout 1 Flashcards
it is a marine nation, with over 7,600 islands and 18,000 km of shoreline.
Philippines
According from Weber 1993 - coasts have been called?
“Crossroads of human activity and the sea.”
__ municipalities out of 1,541 or ___% are coastal
832 or 54%
_% of the population lives in the coastal zone
62%
There are about_______ km of coral reef but less than _% is in excellent condition
27,000 ; 5
_____ ha of mangrove remains, only about 25% the area in ____
120,000 ; 1920
It is legally defined to extend 1km inland from the shoreline at hightide and to seaward areas covered within the ___-m isobath
Coastal zone ; 200
It was developed to increase the understanding and application of these processes and tools by all sectors of society
The Philippine Coastal Resource Management
Give 3 Addressed by Coastal Management
- RESOURCE USE CONFLICTS
- POPULATION GROWTH AND POVERTY
- ILLEGAL ACTIVITIES
- POLLUTION
- FOOD SECURITY
- BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION
- POLICY AND INSTITUTIONAL GAPS AND CONFLICTS
Give examples of resource conflicts that can be addressed by coastal management
- Siltation from deforestation by resource users in upland areas negatively impacts coral reef habitats and fisheries in coastal areas;
- Intrusion of commercial fishing in municipal waters results in overexploitation of limited fisheries resources where relatively few individuals can benefit; and
- A lack of specific regulations (local and national) for fishing activities within known productive fishing grounds where small-scale fishers are directly dependent for livelihood.
The coastal areas are under increasing pressure from a high population growth rate of __ percent per year
2.4
Give examples of illegal and damaging activities that can be addressed by coastal management.
- Use of destructive and illegal fishing methods such as blast fishing, poisons, superlights, muro-ami, and others;
- Intrusion of commercial fishing into municipal waters; * Lack of observance of shoreline setback regulations resulting in damaging construction activities and development in the coastal zone;
- Conversion of mangrove and seagrass habitats to land or other uses resulting in decline of nearshore catch;
- Harvesting of banned species including corals, whale sharks, manta rays, giant clams, and endangered marine species; and
- Habitat destruction from other causes.
Give key issues affecting food security.
- Continued increases in commercial and municipal fishing effort resulting from population growth and migration to coastal areas;
- Slow economic development in coastal areas providing few alternatives to municipal fishers;
- Use of habitat and fishery-destructive fishing practices;
- Illegal commercial fishing in municipal waters;
- Open access to fishery resources;
- Unsustainable economic development;
- Degradation of coastal habitats; and
- Weak implementation of coastal management programs at local and national levels.
It is a participatory process of planning, implementing, and monitoring sustainable uses of coastal resources through collective action and sound decision-making.
Coastal resource management (CRM)
It comprises those activities that achieve sustainable use and management of economically and ecologically valuable resources in coastal areas that consider interaction emong and within resource systems as well as interaction between humans and their environment (White and Lopez 1991).
Integrated coastal management or ICM
