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Fire Captain Promotional > Handbook of Tactics Ch 9-11 > Flashcards

Handbook of Tactics Ch 9-11 Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of ventilation

A

The process of removing toxic products of combustion and replacing them with fresh air.

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2
Q

What are the two reasons for performing ventilation?

A
  1. Venting for fire

2. Venting for life

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3
Q

Venting for fire must be ________ while venting for life should begin _________.

A

Coordinated;

As soon as possible

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4
Q

Horizontal ventilation for a life hazard must be coupled with___________.

A

An immediate rescue effort

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5
Q

What is the most important concept to remember when discussing ventilation?

A

It must be of sufficient volume to win the battle with the fire.

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6
Q

According to Norman, what is the most suitable type of ventilation for most house fires?

A

Window venting

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7
Q

When should the attack team give the word to take the glass?

A

Just before opening the nozzle.

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8
Q

When you encounter energy-efficient windows, when should window venting take place?

A

As soon as possible, while the attack team is in a safe place, preferably behind a closed door.

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9
Q

What is the best venting option for minor to moderate fires, like a mattress fire?

A

Horizontal ventilation

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10
Q

According to Norman, what is the best venting option on private dwelling peaked roofs?

A

Vent the gable end or dormer windows.

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11
Q

T or F, When you vent windows, conditions will probably worsen before they get better.

A

True

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12
Q

Natural ventilation

A

The ventilation that occurs when you open doors and windows.

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13
Q

3 types of mechanical ventilation?

A

Portable fans, hoselines, or building ventilation systems.

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14
Q

What is the proper stream shape and distance for hydraulic ventilation?

A

30 deg fog, 6-8 ft from window. If practical, keep fire between the fire and the vent point.

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15
Q

What is churning?

A

When a using a fan for negative-pressure ventilation, if there is a gap around the fan, some air from the outside is drawn into the building to be blown back out.

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16
Q

Positive-pressure ventilation can move almost ________ as much as negative-pressure.

A

Twice

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17
Q

When using PPV, you must provide an ________ for the smoke.

A

Outlet

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18
Q

How far is the fan set from the door when using PPV?

A

8-12 ft

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19
Q

Mattresses, stuffed chairs, and sprinkler-controlled fires are all candidates for ____.

A

PPV

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20
Q

What is the most serious drawback of PPV?

A

The danger of fanning a smoldering fire into a serious conflagration.

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21
Q

What is the problem with using VES and PPV concurrently?

A

PPV mustn’t be used if firefighters are entering the building from any points other than where the fan is operating.

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22
Q

What is a basic tenet for an interior firefighter’s search for a life hazard?

A

Vent as you move, provided the fire won’t be extended by the venting.

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23
Q

What 6 factors must be considered when using PPV?

A
  1. LIFE hazard
  2. EXTENT of the fire
  3. Availability of HOSELINES
  4. Degree of CONFINEMENT
  5. ENVIRONMENTAL factors
  6. Available EQUIPMENT and power supply
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24
Q

Mushroom effect

A

When heated gas is restrained from rising and spreads horizontally.

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25
Q

What should you do before taking the skylight?

A

Announce it on the radio, then break a small pane of glass and pause a few moments.

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26
Q

What is the most common vertical artery in a multistory structure?

A

The staircase

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27
Q

What is the second most common vertical avenue for fire?

A

The pipe chase

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28
Q

What is the minimum roof commitment when venting the roof of any large area flat-roof building?

A
  1. 4 men
  2. 2 saws
  3. 2 hooks
  4. Halligan and axe
  5. Radio
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29
Q

What should you do if you check a soil pipe on a flat roof and it feels hot to the touch?

A

Take immediate steps to fight the fire on the top floor or in the attic.

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30
Q

Inverted roof

A

A flat roof with a deck of 2x4’s or larger framed a few feet above the main deck, sloped for drainage.

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31
Q

On a standard flat roof, what 2 steps should you take before cutting the roof?

A
  1. Vent the bulkhead door
  2. Vent skylights
  3. Vent the top floor windows with a hook, or a Halligan and rope
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32
Q

What is the typical joist spacing of old style flat roofs?

A

16”

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33
Q

How many linear feet of cutting does it take to make an 8x8 vent hole?

A

55 ft

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34
Q

Should you pull the first 4x4 section when cutting an 8x8 vent hole?

A

Only if necessary

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35
Q

Why is a rain roof more dangerous than an inverted roof?

A

The roof was not designed for the added weight of the new roof deck. It is also much more difficult to vent because both decks must be cut.

36
Q

According to Norman, how should a fire that had involved the truss loft be fought?

A

Open up the building’s sidewalls and use a tower ladder to direct a stream into the truss loft.

37
Q

According to Norman, what is the max length and spacing for steel bar joist trusses?

A

Up to 60’ long and spaced up to 6’ apart.

38
Q

What is the primary danger to a firefighter on a metal deck roof?

A

Falling into the vent hole while cutting it.

39
Q

How should Insulspan roof panels be cut?

A

From the basket of a elevated platform.

40
Q

What are typical length, width, and thickness of Insulspan roofing panels?

A

8 ft. wide, up to 24’ long, up to 8-1/2” thick

41
Q

What size should the vent hole be in an apartment building?

A

8’x8’

42
Q

How far from the main vent hole should a trench be?

A

20-25 feet

43
Q

What are the 4 steps to cutting a trench?

A
  1. Locate the trench
  2. Cut inspection holes
  3. Cut the trench
  4. Pull the trench
44
Q

When cutting a trench, where should inspection holes be located?

A

5-6 ft. from the fire side of the trench.

45
Q

What is the minimum width for a trench cut?

A

3 ft.

46
Q

After cutting inspection holes on the fire side, additional inspection cuts should be made __________.

A

on the safe side of the trench

47
Q

The trench is divided into a series of _________ sections, with knockouts on the _____ side of each section.

A

4 ft. sections; fire

48
Q

Why does Norman prefer the term trench cut over strip ventilation?

A

The word trench signifies a defensive operation, while ventilation should only be used as an offensive tactic.

49
Q

Serious fires that threaten the very existence of a structure demand ______________.

A

total ventilation (glass is cheap)

50
Q

When should you break a window as opposed to opening it from the inside?

A

Let the heat be your guide. If you can stand up and open the lock, go ahead and open the window.

51
Q

After the placement of the initial attack hoseline and designation of the search team, what is the most crucial position to be covered?

A

the OV team

52
Q

What are 3 OV team responsibilities?

A
  1. Locating victims
  2. Locating the seat of the fire
  3. Creating firefighter escape routes
53
Q

What is the greatest danger to firefighters engaged in roof ventilation?

A

The fellow firefighter, particularly with the power saw.

54
Q

What is the saw operator’s most important act on the roof?

A

Stop the saw from spinning whenever it is raised from the cut.

55
Q

Never allow a spinning blade or chain to get more than __________ from the roof.

A

6 inches

56
Q

This hazard to firefighters is typically encountered in high-value occupancies.

A

4x8 steel plates covering the roof, 1/8-1/4” thick

57
Q

What two emegency operations with the SCBA should all firefighters be taught?

A
  1. reduced profile maneuver

2. quick release

58
Q

What are the 8 steps to the reduced profile maneuver?

A
  1. Loosen and remove the right shoulder strap.
  2. Grasp the waist strap with the right hand.
  3. Grasp the neck of the cylinder with the left hand.
  4. Twist the SCBA far enough to allow you to pass the obstacle.
  5. Pass the obstacle
  6. Return the SCBA to the normal position.
  7. secure the right shoulder strap
  8. Re-tighten shoulder strap
59
Q

What is the difference in search pattern between the fire floor and the floor above?

A

On the fire floor, find the seat of the fire and search back toward the entrance. On the floor above, begin the search as soon as you enter.

60
Q

When performing the primary search, vent as you move along provided that ________________.

A

it won’t cause the fire to light up

61
Q

When performing the primary search, when should you vent the glass?

A

Vent as you move along, provided that it won’t cause the fire to light up.

63
Q

Where should you place the greatest emphasis on searching?

A

the bedrooms and the routes which people normally use to exit

64
Q

Name 3 common occupancies which are a good candidate for a guide (search) rope?

A
  1. Large-area office buildings
  2. hospitals
  3. Schools
65
Q

Closing doors between you and the fire is usually a good idea, provided _________________.

A

You are certain of another way out

66
Q

Secondary search is often combined with________.

A

The overhaul phase

67
Q

The secondary search is often combined with the ____________.

A

overhaul phase

68
Q

Generally, areas ___ or more floors below the fire don’t warrant forcible entry unless they show signs of specific problems.

A

two

69
Q

Generally, areas ____________ floors below the fire don’t warrant forcible entry unless they show signs of specific problems.

A

2 or more

70
Q

Firefighter deaths have dropped from a high of ____ per year during the 1970s to around ____ per year in the 1990s

A

140;

100

71
Q

What are three steps if Dept. can take to reduce the rates of fire fighter injury and mortality

A
  1. Improve hazard awareness
  2. Provide emergency scape or self rescue capability
  3. Deploy Rapid Intervention Teams
72
Q

What is the six question firefighters survival survey?

A
  1. What is the occupancy?
  2. Where are the occupants?
  3. Where is the fire?
  4. How do we get in?
  5. How do we get out when things go wrong?
  6. What is happening to the building?
73
Q

What are Norman’s three rules of survival?

A
  1. Never put yourself in a position where you are depending on someone else to come and get you.
  2. Always know where your escape route is.
  3. Always know where your second escape route is.
74
Q

Name 3 mandatory SCBA emergency operations and 1 optional skill.

A
  1. Reduced profile maneuver
  2. The emergency escape (quick-release) maneuver
  3. Emergency door opening
  4. Changing cylinders in a smoke-filled atmosphere
75
Q

What three steps should you take when cut off by extending fire?

A
  1. Try to find an area of refuge.
  2. Call for help by whatever means possible.
  3. Begin seeking another escape route.
76
Q

What is a last ditch effort to signal that you are in trouble?

A

Throw your helmet out the window.

77
Q

What are the critical points to remember when using the emergency body wrap escape from a window?

A
  1. Don’t allow your hands to spread further than shoulder width apart.
  2. Take all of the slack out of the rope prior to exiting the window.
  3. Train this technique.
  4. Never attempt this method with out a turnout coat on
  5. Use an NFPA-rated Rescue Rope.
78
Q

Name 4 circumstances in which a roll call should be ordered at a structure fire.

A
  1. PASS alarm activation
  2. Sudden fire extension
  3. Structural collapse
  4. Issuance of order to withdraw from a structure
79
Q

What NFPA standard covers RIT teams?

A

NFPA 1500

80
Q

What is another name for OSHA’s respiratory protection standard?

A

2 in / 2 out rule

81
Q

4 prerequisites to a successful RIT operation?

A
  1. People
  2. Policies
  3. Tools
  4. Techniques
82
Q

What is the absolute minimum number of people necessary to carry out a rescue of a downed firefighter?

A

4

83
Q

Who should the RIT team report to if they are deployed?

A

The IC or operations officer

84
Q

What are the extra considerations of a RIT size-up?

A
  1. Request a size-up of the building while en route.
  2. Monitor radio for Mayday messages.
  3. Know the location of units & members and their routes of access.
  4. Monitor the progress of the operation.
85
Q

What is the first priority of the IC when a mayday has occurred?

A

Gain control of the situation, clear radio channels, and establish clear lines of communication

86
Q

What knot is used to rescue a firefighter through a hole in the floor?

A

Handcuff knot

86
Q

How is a 2:1 hauling system used to rescue a firefighter through a hole in the floor?

A
  1. A hook is placed over the members shoulders on opposite sides of the hole.
  2. One end of rope is secured on the hook.
  3. The rope goes down the hole and through a carabiner attached to the SCBA harness of the victim
  4. Other end of rope goes back up to the rescuers

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