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Rachel Board Review > Hand questions > Flashcards

Hand questions Flashcards

1
Q

Which gene regulates patterning in limb development

A

HOX

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2
Q

what tissue comprises limb bud

A

mesenchyme covered by ectoderm; limb grows by proliferation mesenchym

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3
Q

When do limb buds appear

A

end of 4th week, (day 26,27)

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4
Q

Critical period for upper extremity development

A

24-36 days

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5
Q

When are finger buds visible?

A

end of week 6

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6
Q

when does UE ossification occur

A

between 8-12 weeks; epiphyses gradually ossify til end of puberty

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7
Q

last bones to ossify

A

carpal bones don’t start until 1st year of life

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8
Q

Sensory or motor innervation first?

A

Motor, sensory axons follow motor

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9
Q

nervous system myelination completed

A

around 2 yrs of age

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10
Q

Proximodistal development

A

AER, FGFR

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11
Q

Radioulnar development

A

ZPA, SHH

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12
Q

dorsoventral dvelopment

A

Wnt, EN-1

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13
Q

Process responsible for syndactyly

A

Failure of apoptosis, bone morphogenic proteins signaling TGF beta

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14
Q

Frequency syndactyly

A

1 in 2200; middle and ring web space most common

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15
Q

which arteries supply early limb buds

A

dorsal intersegmental arteries from aorta

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16
Q

ASSH congenital deformity classifications

A

formation, differentiation, duplication, overgrowth, undergrowth, constriction band syndromes, generalized anomalies and syndromes

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17
Q

Fixed unit of hand

A

distal carpal row + 2nd, 3rd metacarpals

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18
Q

borders snuff box

A

Ant: APL, EPB
Post: EPL
Floor: scaphoid, trapezium

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19
Q

best 2 pt discrimination

A

ulnar digits, 2-3mm, pts in 20s

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20
Q

AIN innervates…

A

PQ, FDP to index and middle, FPL

pronator teres - inn by median nerve before AIN

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21
Q

Median n intrinsics

A

LOAF: radial two Lumbricals, Opponens pollicis, Abductor PB, superficial head of FPB

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22
Q

thenar muscles superficial to deep

A

AbPB, FPB, OP, AdP

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23
Q

Hypothenar muscles

A

palmaris brevis, AbDM, FDMB, ODM

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24
Q

Mobile wad

A

BR, ECRB, ECRL

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25
Giant cell tumor of bone
needs CT chest
26
test EPL function
put palm down, lift thumb off table; only EPL can lift dorsal to plane of palm
27
CRPS type 1 neuron
c sensory - respond to physiologic changes in body
28
darrach procedure
istal ulna resection, is a well-established procedure to treat distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) arthritis and distal ulnar instability such as in caput ulnae syndrome. A dorsal approach is used to gain access to the DRUJ via dorsal fifth extensor compartment approach. The triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) and extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU) sheath are preserved
29
vein in reverse sural
lesser saph
30
nerve transfer for biceps
FCU fascicle of ulnar nerve to biceps
31
thumb pulp defect, sensate flap
FDMA
32
mirror hand gene
sonic
33
Bennett fracture, the smaller volar-ulnar fragment is retained by the...
anterior oblique (beak) ligament, while the abductor pollicis longus, thumb extensor tendons, and the adductor pollicis combine to distract the base of the larger shaft fragment radially, dorsally, and proximally. These distracting forces create joint incongruity, which is a relative indication for fracture reduction. These forces must be countered to reduce the fracture, thus, requiring axial distraction, pronation, and abduction of the metacarpal shaft, while simultaneously applying external pressure at the radial base of the metacarpal.
34
Why does botox work in raynaud's
inhibition of Rho, substance P,
35
thumb pulp defect, less than 2 cm
islandiazed moberg flap
36
1st palmar IO muscle inpollicization
adductor pollicis
37
EDC in pollicization
Abductor PL
38
dorsal IO muscle in policization
Abductor PB
39
EIP becomes...
EPL
40
radial nerve transfers:
Wrist: PT to ECRB PL to EPL FCU or FDS to EDC
41
axillary nerve roots
C5, C6
42
nerve root to LD and tricepts
C7
43
role C8, t1
intrinsic hand muscles
44
Mannerfelt lesion
FPL rupture 2/2 scaphoid osteophyte | Tx: PL graft + resect osteophyte
45
cleft hand, ectrodactyly
failure of formation
46
extensor compartments
First - abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis Second - extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis Third - extensor pollicis longus Fourth - extensor digitorum communis, extensor indicis proprius Fifth - extensor digiti minimi Sixth - extensor carpi ulnaris
47
1st line treatment for Raynaud
CCB: nifedipine
48
scaphoid fx view
20 degrees ulnar deviation, 20 degrees wrist extension
49
Claw hand pathophys
unnopposed long extensors, weak ulnar intrinsics
50
central slip injury but can still extend PIP?
interosseous muscle tendon; intrinsic, inserts on dorsal base of P2
51
pedicle for MFC
descending genicular or medial superior genicular arterty
52
biggest risk for brachial plexus injury
shoulder dystocia
53
myoelectric prostheses
more precise; more expensive, less durable
54
Tx volkmann's contracture
selective muscle origin slide
55
view for 5th cmc injury
AP view with forarm pronated 30 degress from full supination and Lateral wtih 30 degrees of pronation
56
PT artery peforators
between FDL and soleus
57
most distal extensor muscle belly
EIP
58
extensor zones
1 at DIP, 3 at PIP, 5 at MCP....
59
Type 1 error
Falsely rejecting null hypothesis
60
What do you see after nerve transection and wallerian degen?
sharp waves and fibrillations
61
fat grafting in Dupuytren's
inhibits myofibroblast proliferation
62
Treatment Blauth IIIb
pollicization
63
blauth IIIa vs IIIb
IIIa: CMC unstable IIIb: absent CMC joint, no motion at MCP or IP
64
Blauth grade I
Small but normal fxn; no surgical treatment
65
bluath grade II
hypoplastic but all bones present; UCL at MCP weak; MCP stabilization, opponensplasty, web space deepening
66
Tibial nerve injury
weak plantar flexion, numb plantar surface
67
femoral nerve
muscles of anterior thigh
68
peroneal nerve
superficial: S to lateral leg, M to lateral compartment (eversion) Deep: anterior compartment, foot dorsiflexion, 1st web space
69
sural nerve fxn
travels btn lateral mal and calcaneus; no motor; sensation to lateral foot
70
deep posterior compartment leg
Tib post, FDL, FHL (FHL can be injured wtih fibula harvest), popliteus
71
superficial posterior compartment leg
gastroc, soleus, plantaris
72
anterior compartment of leg
TA, EDL, EHL, peroneus tertius
73
lateral compartment leg muscles
peroneus longus and brevis
74
subungual melanoma concerns
age 50 to 70, longitudinal band greater than 3 mm or irregular border, change of lesion size or coloration, extension onto periungual skin (Hutchinson sign), personal or family history of melanoma, and single finger involvement.
75
abx for gustilo 2
1st gen cephalosporin
76
constriction band syndrome frequency
12% of congenital UE defects (14% of lower), 2/2 low amniotic fluid levels(?), "disruptions"
77
Posterior hillocks
2nd arch Antitragus Anti helix Lobule

Rachel Board Review (1 decks)

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