HAND HYGIENE Flashcards
An infection occuring in a patient during the process of care in a hospital or other health-care facility which was not present or incubating at the time of admission. This includes infections acquired in the health-care facility but appearing after discharge, and also occupational infections among health-care workers of the facility.
Health Care - Associated Infection (HCAI)
Health Care - Associated Infection (HCAI) is also referred to as what?
There are two answers.
Nosocomial or hospital infection
At any time, over ______ people worldwide are suffering from infections acquired in health-care facilities.
1.4 million
In modern health-care facilities in the developed world, how many percent of patients acquire one or more infections?
5-10%
In developing countries, the risk of HCAI is how many times higher than in developed countries?
2 - 20 times
The proportion of patients affected by HCAI can exceed how many percent?
25%
In intensive care units, HCAI affects about (a)_____ of patients and the attributable mortality may reach (b)______.
- (a) 30%
- (b) 44%
FAMILIARIZE ONLY!
HCAI can cause what?
- More serious illness
- Prolongation of stay in a health-care facility
- Long-term disability
- Excess deaths
- High Additional financial burden
- High Personal costs on patients and their families
What are the 4 Infections caused by the lack of hygiene?
- Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) - 34%
- Surgical Site Infections (SSI) - 17%
- Blood Infections (BI) - 14%
- Lower Respiratory Tract Infections (LRTI) - 13%
IN PREVENTION OF HEALTH CARE - ASSOCIATED INFECTION
Validated and _______ prevention strategies have been shown to reduce HCAI.
standardized
IN PREVENTION OF HEALTH CARE - ASSOCIATED INFECTION
At least how many percent of HCAI could be prevented?
50%
IN PREVENTION OF HEALTH CARE - ASSOCIATED INFECTION
Most solutions are _______ and not resource-demanding and can be implemented in developed, as well as in transitional and developing countries.
simple
What is the Study of SENIC all about?
Study on the Efficacy of Nosocomial Infection Control
On the Study of SENIC, how many percent of HCAI are preventable?
30%
This are the most common vehicle to transmit health care - associated pathogens. What is this?
Hands
The transmission of health care-associated pathogens from one patient to another via health-care workers’ hands requires how many sequential steps?
5 sequential steps
FAMILIARIZE ONLY!
What are the 5 Stages of Hand Transmission?
- Germs present on patient skin and immediate environment surfaces.
- Germ transfer onto health-care worker’s hands.
- Germs survive on hands for several minutes.
- Suboptimal or omitted hand cleansing results in hands remaining contaminated.
- Contaminated hands transmit germs via direct contact with patient or patient’s immediate environment.
Any health-care worker, caregiver or person involved in patient care needs to be concerned about _________.
hand hygiene
You must perform hand hygiene to:
- (a)_________ against harmful germs carried on your hands or present on his or her own skin.
- (b)_________ and the health-care environment from harmful germs.
- (a) protect the patient
- (b) protect yourself
Hand Hygiene includes cleaning hands with soap and water or alcohol-based hand rub in order to remove germ, also known as ____________.
microorganisms
WHO SHOULD PRACTICE HAND HYGIENE?
Everyone
Note:
- Hand hygiene is important not only for healthcare providers; everyone needs to be practicing appropriate and effective hand hygiene regardless of work setting.
WHERE SHOULD YOU PERFORM HAND HYGIENE?
- Busy health care providers need ______ to hand hygiene products where patient or patient environment contact is taking place.
access
WHERE SHOULD YOU PERFORM HAND HYGIENE?
- Hand hygiene is important in _____ work settings, including Acute Care, Long Term Care Facilities, Community and Corporate sites.
ALL
WHERE SHOULD YOU PERFORM HAND HYGIENE?
- Providing ___________ at the point of care (within arm’s reach) is an important system support to improve hand hygiene.
alcohol-based hand rub
WHERE SHOULD YOU PERFORM HAND HYGIENE?
- This enables health care providers to quickly and easily fulfill the _________ for Hand Hygiene.
5 Moments
What are the 5 Moments for Hand Hygiene?
WE SHOULD ALWAYS WASH OUR HANDS
- Before touching a patient.
- Before doing a procedure (asceptic).
- After being exposed to bodily fluids.
- After touching a patient.
- After touching a patient surroundings.
__________ is the preferred routine method of hand hygiene if hands are not visibly soiled.
Handrubbing with alcohol based handrub
___________ - essential when hands are visibly dirty or visibly soiled (following visible exposure to body fluids).
Hand washing with soap and water
FAMILIARIZE ONLY!
How to handrub?
- Apply a palmful of the product in a cupped hand, covering all surfaces.
- Rub hands palm to palm
- Right palm over left dorsum with fingers interlaced and vice versa.
- Palm to palm with fingers interlaced.
- Backs of fingers to opposing palms with fingers interlocked.
- Rotational rubbing of left thumb clasped in right palm and vice versa.
- Rotational rubbing, backwards and forwards with clasped fingers of right hand in left palm and vice versa.
- Once dry, your hands are safe.
To effectively reduce the growth of germs on hands, handrubbing must be performed by following all of the illustrated steps.
This takes only ___________.
20-30 seconds
FAMILIARIZE ONLY!
How to handwash?
- Wet hands with water
- Apply enough soap to cover all hand surfaces
- Rub hands palm to palm
- Right palm over left dorsum with interlaced fingers and vice versa.
- Palm to palm with fingers interlaced
- Backs of fingers to opposing palms with fingers interlocked.
- Rotational rubbing of left thumb clasped in right palm and vice versa.
- Rotational rubbing, backwards and forwards with clasped fingers of right hand in left palm and vice versa
- Rinse hands with water
- Dry hands thoroughly with a single use towel.
- Use towel to turn off faucet.
- Your hands are now safe.
To effectively reduce the growth of germs on hands, handwashing must last ______ and should be performed by following all of the illustrated steps.
40-60 secs
Compliance with hand hygiene differs across facilities and countries, but is globally < 40%.
What are the 4 main reasons for non-compliance reported by health-care workers?
- Too busy
- Skin irritation
- Glove use
- Don’t think about it
What is the major obstacle for hand hygiene?
Time constraints
Adequate handwashing with water and soap requires _______ seconds.
40-60
Alcohol-based handrubbing requires ________ seconds.
20-30
HANDY TIPS
TRUE OR FALSE
Artificial nails, gel nails or extenders are to be worn by staff who have direct patient contact.
FALSE
Note: It should not be worn
HANDY TIPS
Contaminated surfaces or objects should not be touched after performing ________.
Hand Hygiene
HANDY TIPS
Avoid touching your ______, especially your eyes and nose.
face
HANDY TIPS
Fingernails should be kept short - no longer than ___________ long.
1/4 inches or 0.635 cm
HANDY TIPS
Nail polish may be worn, but should be removed when ________.
chipped
HANDY TIPS
Do not ______ a partially-used hand hygiene products dispenser.
top up
HANDY TIPS
If re-usable dispensers are used they must be emptied, washed, and dried prior to being refilled. Hand lotion bottles must not be _______.
re-used
HANDY TIPS
Include frequently _______ areas when performing hand hygiene such as thumbs, palms, web spaces, under nails and the backs of fingers and hands.
missed
HANDY TIPS
Use supplied lotions that are compatible with hand hygiene products and gloves to minimize _________ that can occur with frequent hand hygiene.
skin irritation
HANDY TIPS
Wearing hand and wrist jewelry is not _________.
recommended
