Hand, Forearm & Arm

Question 1

Name the carpal bones

Answer 1

Question 2

State the contents deep to the flexor retinaculum

Answer 2

1. Median nerve
2. Tendon of flexor digitorum superficialis
3. Tendon of flexor digitorum profundus
4. Tendon of flexor pollicis longus

Question 3

State the contents superficial to the flexor retinaculum

Answer 3

1. Tendon of palmaris longus
2. Ulnar nerve
3. Ulnar artery
4. Palmar cutaneous branch of ulnar nerve
5. Palmar cutaneous branch of median nerve

Question 4

State the function of flexor digitorum profundus and flexor digitorum superficialis

Answer 4

Question 5

Name the 3 thenar muscles

Answer 5

1. Opponens pollicis
2. Abductor pollicis brevis -> Abducts the thumb
3. Flexor pollicis brevis -> Flexes the thumb

Question 6

What nerves innervate the thenar muscles, index and middle finger?

Answer 6

Median nerve

Can remember the mnemonic: MeatLoaf
Meat -> Median nerve
L -> Lateral lumbricals (index and middle finger)
O -> Opponens pollicis
A -> Abductor pollicis brevis
F -> Flexor pollicis brevis

Question 7

Name the 3 hypothenar muscles

Answer 7

1. Opponens digiti minimi
2. Abductor digiti minimi -> Abduct the little finger
   Origin -> Pisiform bone
3. Flexor digiti minimi brevis -> Flexes the MCP joint
   Origin -> Hook of hamate

Question 8

What nerves innervate the hypothenar muscles?

Answer 8

Deep branch of the ulnar nerve

Question 9

State the function of the palmar interossei muscle and dorsal interossei muscle

Answer 9

Mnemonic: PAD DAB
Proximal interossei muscle -> Adduct
Dorsal interossei muscle -> Abduct

Question 10

Identify the whitish membrane

Answer 10

Interosseus membrane of the forearm -> separating the anterior and posterior compartments

Question 11

Name the layers in the flexor compartment of the forearm and their respective muscle groups

Answer 11

Superficial layer
1. Flexor carpi ulnaris (Medial to palmaris longus) -> Flexes the wrist on the ulnar side
2. Palmaris longus -> Flexes the wrist
3. Flexor carpi radialis (Lateral to palmaris longus) -> Flexes the wrist on the radial side
4. Pronaor teres -> Pronates the forearm

Intermediate layer
1. Flexor digitorum superficialis

Deep layer
1. Flexor digitorum profundus
2. Flexor pollicis longus -> Flexes the thumb
3. Pronator Quadratus -> Pronate the wrist

Question 12

State the common origin site for flexor compartment muscles of the forearm

Answer 12

Medial epicondyle of the humerus

Question 13

State the common origin site for extensor compartment muscles of the forearm

Answer 13

Lateral epicondyle of the humerus

Question 14

State the nerve innervation for the extensor compartment muscles of the forearm

Answer 14

Radial nerve

Question 15

Name the layers in the flexor compartment of the forearm and their respective muscle groups

Answer 15

Superficial layer
1. Brachioradialis -> Accessory flexor of the elbow
2. Extensor carpi radialis longus -> Extend & Abduct the wrist
3. Extensor carpi radialis brevis
4. Extensor digitorum -> Extends the fingers except the thumb
5. Extensor digiti minimi -> Extends the little finger
6. Extensor carpi ulnaris
7. Anconeus muscle

Deep layer -> Innervates by posterior interosseus nerve of the deep branch of radial nerve
1. Supinator muscle
2. Abductor pollicis longus
3. Extensor pollicis brevis
4. Extensor pollicis longus
5. Extensor indicis -> Extends the index finger