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Cholo med > Hand and wrist anatomy > Flashcards

Hand and wrist anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

It is also known as transverse carpal ligament

A

Flexor retinaculum

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2
Q

Thickening of deep fascia that holds the long flexor tendons in position at the wrist

A

Flexor retinaculum

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3
Q

Where is the flexor retinaculum stretched across?

A

front of the wrist

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4
Q

Converts the concave anterior surface of the wrist into an osseofascial tunnel, the carpal tunnel

A

Flexor retinaculum

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5
Q

Where is the flexor retinaculum medially attached?

A

Pisiform bone and the hook of the hamate

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6
Q

Where is the flexor retinaculum laterally attached?

A

Tubercle of the scaphoid and the trapezium bones

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7
Q

Describe the attachment of flexor retinaculum to the trapezium

A

Consists of superficial and deep parts and forms a synovial-line tunnel for passage of the tendon of the flexor carpi radialis

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8
Q

Corresponds to the distal transverse skin crease in the front of the wrist and is continuous with the deep fascia of the forearm

A

Proximal border of flexor retinaculum

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9
Q

The distal border of flexor retinaculum is…

A

Attached to the palmar aponeurosis

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10
Q

Passage of the median nerve and the flexor tendons of the thumb and fingers

A

Carpal tunnel

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11
Q

Deeply concave on its anterior surface and forms a bony gutter

A

Carpal tunnel

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12
Q

Bones of the hand and flexor retinaculum

A

Carpal tunnel

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13
Q

Has restricted space between the tendons of the flexor digitorum superficialis and the flexor carpi radialis muscles

A

Carpal tunnel

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14
Q

The long flexor tendons to the fingers and thumb pass through this tunnel, and are accompanied by the median nerve

A

Carpal tunnel

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15
Q

Only nerve that passes through the carpal tunnel

A

Median nerve

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16
Q

The median nerve is associated with this health condition

A

Carpal tunnel syndrome

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17
Q

Flexor retinaculum: structures pass superficially (medial-lateral)

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris tendon, ulnar nerve, ulnar artery, palmar cutaneous branch of the ulnar nerve, palmaris longus tendon (if present), palmar cutaneous branch of the median nerve

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18
Q

Flexor retinaculum: structures pass deeply (medial-lateral)

A

Flexor digitorum superficialis tendons, flexor digitorum profundus (share synovial sheath with FDS), median nerve, flexor pollicis longus tendon, flexor carpi radialis tendon

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19
Q

The anatomical snuffbox is also known as…

A

Radial fossa

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20
Q

Where is the radial fossa located?

A

Base at the wrist and apex directed at the thumb, or posterolateral side of the wrist and the 1st metacarpal by the extensor tendons passing into the thumb

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21
Q

The tendon of the extensor pollicis longus is the ___ border of the ____.

A

ulnar (medial), anatomical snuffbox/radial fossa

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22
Q

These are the radial (lateral) borders of the radial fossa.

A

Tendon of the extensor pollicis brevis, tendon of the abductor pollicis longus

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23
Q

What is the proximal border of the anatomical snuffbox?

A

Styloid process of the radius

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24
Q

These are the floor boundaries of the anatomical snuffbox.

A

Carpal bones, scaphoid, trapezium

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25
Q

The skin is the ___ border of the radial fossa.

A

Roof

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26
Q

Passes obliquely through the anatomical snuffbox and lies adjacent to scaphoid and trapezium.

A

Radial artery

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27
Q

This associated area on the back of the hand innervates the dorsal surface of the lateral digits.

A

Branch of radial nerve

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28
Q

Crosses the anatomical snuffbox to the anterolateral aspect of the forearm

A

Cephalic vein

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29
Q

Arises from dorsal venous network of the hand

A

Cephalic vein

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30
Q

Most commonly fractured carpal bone

A

Scaphoid

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31
Q

What is the other term for scaphoid fracture?

A

Foosh

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32
Q

Why is the scaphoid at risk of avascular necrosis after fracture?

A

‘Retrograde blood supply’ enters at is distal end

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33
Q

The extensor retinaculum is the thickening of deep fascia that stretches across which area of the wrist?

A

Across the back of the wrist

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34
Q

It holds the long extensor tendons in position and converts the grooves on the posterior surface of the distal ends of the radius and ulna into 6 separate tunnels for the passage of the long extensor tendons

A

Extensor retinaculum

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35
Q

Tunnels are each line with ____ sheath that extends proximal and distal to the retinaculum on the tendons

A

Synovial

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36
Q

They are separated from one another by fibrous septa that extend from the deep surface of the retinaculum to the underlying bones.

A

Tunnels

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37
Q

Where is the extensor retinaculum medially attached?

A

Pisiform bone and the hook of the hamate

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38
Q

Where is the extensor retinaculum laterally attached?

A

Distal end of the radius

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39
Q

The upper border of the extensor retinaculum is continuous with the deep fascia of the ____.

A

Forearm

40
Q

The lower border of the extensor retinaculum is continuous with the deep fascia of the ____.

A

Hand

41
Q

Extensor retinaculum: structures pass superficially (medial-lateral)

A

Dorsal cutaneous branch of the ulnar nerve, basilic vein, cephalic vein, superficial branch of the radial nerve

42
Q

Extensor retinaculum: structures pass deeply (medial-lateral)

A

Extensor carpi ulnaris tendon, extensor digiti minimi tendon, extensor digitorum and extensor indicis tendons, extensor pollicis longus tendon, extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis tendons, abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis tendons

43
Q

Forms the thenar eminence in the lateral surface of the palm

A

Thenar muscles

44
Q

Thenar muscles are responsible for the…

A

Opposition of the thumb

45
Q

Innervation of thenar muscles

A

Recurrent branch of the median nerve (except the adductor pollicis)

46
Q

Quadrangular muscle that lies deep to the APB and lateral to the FPB

A

Opponens Pollicis

47
Q

What does the Opponens Pollicis do?

A

Opposes the thumb, flexes and rotates 1st metacarpal medially at the carpometacarpal joint opposition

48
Q

Muscle that assists the opponens pollicis during early stages of opposition by rotting proximal phalanx slightly medially

A

Abductor Pollicis Brevis

49
Q

Short abductor of the thumb that forms the anterolateral part of the thenar eminence

A

Abductor Pollicis Brevis

50
Q

What does the Flexor Pollicis Brevis do?

A

Flexes the thumb at the carpometacarpal and metacapophalangeal joints

51
Q

Short flexor of the thumb that aids in its opposition, located medially to the APB

A

Flexor Pollicis Brevis

52
Q

Large, triangular muscle with two heads (artery passes anteriorly through the space between these 2 heads)

A

Adductor pollicis

53
Q

Adductor pollicis head with origin of 2nd and 3rd metacarpal bones

A

Oblique head

54
Q

Adductor pollicis head with origin of 3rd metacarpal bone

A

Transverse head

55
Q

Adducts the thumb, moving it to the palm of the hand, gives power to grip

A

Adductor Pollicis

56
Q

Produces the hypothenar eminence on the medial side of the palm and moves the little finger

A

Hypothenar muscles

57
Q

Found in the hypothenar compartment along with the 5th metacarpal

A

Hypothenar muscles

58
Q

Innervation of hypothenar muscles

A

Deep branch of the ulnar nerve

59
Q

Thenar muscles

A

Opponens pollicis, abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis, adductor pollicies

60
Q

Hypothenar muscles

A

Abductor digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi brevis, opponens digiti minimi

61
Q

Most superficial muscle that abducts the 5th finger and helps flex its proximal phalanx

A

Abductor digiti minimi

62
Q

Lies lateral to the abductor digiti minimi, flexes the proximal phalanx of the 5th finger at the metacarpophalangeal joint

A

Flexor digiti minimi brevis

63
Q

Quandrangular muscle that lies deep to the abductor and flexor of the 5th finger

A

Opponens digiti minimi

64
Q

Draws the 5th metacarpal anteriorly and rotates it laterally, acts exclusively at the carpometacarpal joint

A

Opponens digiti minimi

65
Q

Intrinsic hand muscles

A

Lumbricals, interossei, palmaris brevis

66
Q

How many lumbricals are there?

A

4

67
Q

Lumbricals origin

A

tendons of flexor digitorum profundus

68
Q

Flexes the fingers at the metacarpophalangeal joints and extend at the interphalangeal joints

A

Lumbricals

69
Q

Lumbricals insertion

A

extensor expansion of medial 4 fingers

70
Q

Lumbricals nerve supply and nerve roots

A

1st and 2nd: median nerve, 3rd and 4th: deep branch of ulnar nerve, Nerve roots: C8-T11

71
Q

Located between the metacarpals that produce the flexion at the metacarpophalangeal joints and extension of the interphalangeal joints

A

Interossei

72
Q

How many interossei are there?

A

8

73
Q

2 groups of interossei

A

Palmar interossei (PAD), dorsal interossei (DAB)

74
Q

Small, thin muscle found superficially in the subcutaneous tissue of hypothenar eminence that corrugates skin to improve grip of palm

A

Palmaris brevis

75
Q

Where does palmaris brevis originate?

A

flexor retinaculum, palmar aponeurosis

76
Q

The palmaris brevis is innervated by…

A

superficial branch of the ulnar nerve

77
Q

A direct continuation of the ulnar artery entering the palm, curves laterally behind the palmar aponeurosis and in the front of the long flexor tendons

A

Superficial palmar arch

78
Q

Superficial palmar arch is completed on the ____ side by one of the branches of the _____ artery.

A

Lateral, radial

79
Q

Where is the curve of the superficial palmar arch located?

A

Across the palm, level with the distal border of the fully extended thumb

80
Q

Arose from the convexity of the arch and pass to the fingers

A

4 digital arteries

81
Q

Each common palmar digital artery divides into…

A

a pair of proper digital arteries which run along the adjacent sides of 2nd-4th digits

82
Q

Three common palmar digital arteries anastomose with…

A

palmar metacarpal arteries from the deep palmar arch

83
Q

Arises in front of the flexor retinaculum, passes between the abductor digiti minimi and the flexor digiti minimi, and joins the radial artery to complete the deep palmar arch

A

Deep branch of the ulnar artery

84
Q

Direct continuation of the radial artery, enters through the anatomical snuffbox

A

Deep palmar arch

85
Q

Superior branch sent by deep palmar arch

A

takes part in the anastomosis around in the wrist joint

86
Q

Inferior branch sent by deep palmar arch

A

joins the digital branches of the superficial palmar arch

87
Q

It curves medially beneath the long flexor tendons and in front of the metacarpal bones and interosseous muscles

A

Deep palmar arch

88
Q

Where does the curve of deep palmar arch lie?

A

at a level with the proximal border of the extended thumb

89
Q

The deep palmar arch gives rise to…

A

3 palmar metacarpal arteries and princeps pollicis artery

90
Q

Where is the deep palmar arch completed

A

on the medial side by the deep branch of the ulnar artery

91
Q

How many phalanges do you have in each hand?

A

14

92
Q

What belongs to the proximal row of carpal bones?

A

Triquetral

93
Q

Scared : Scaphoid
Lovers : Lunate
Try : Triquetrum
Positions : Pisiform
That : Trapezium
They : Trapezoid
Can’t : Capitate
Handle : Hamate

A

[not an answer] mnemonics

94
Q

10 structures which pass through the carpal tunnel

A

Median nerve, flexor pollicis longus (1 tendon), flexor digitorum superficialis (4 tendons), flexor digitorum profundus (4 tendons)

95
Q

The pulse you feel in the anatomic snuffbox emanates from the…

A

radial artery

96
Q

These muscles are primarily responsible for abduction and adduction of the fingers of the hand

A

Interossei muscles

97
Q
A

Cholo med (1 decks)

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