Hand Flashcards
What is a tendon?
Made of fibrous connective tissue and connects bone to muscle
What is a ligament?
Made of fibrous connective tissue and connects bone to bone
What are the 2 main compartments of the arm?
Thenar and midpalmar space
What are the two septa of the hand and where are they?
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Medial - extends from the palmar aponeurosis to the little finger metacarpal
Lateral - extends from the palmar aponeurosis to the middle finger metacarpal
What are the muscular compartments of the hand?
- Hypothenar compartment (elongated prominence associated with the little finger)
- Central compartment (contains lots of tendons)
- Thenar compartment (muscle compartment at the base of the thumb)
- Adductor compartment (small compartment β essentially just a single muscle)
What is a septum?
essentially a wall between two structures
Where else are septa found in the hand?
between the tendons
What do digitorium muscles act on?
The four digits other than the thumb
Which muscles are in the superficial anterior compartment of the arm?
- Pronator teres (PT)
- Flexor carpi radialis (FCR)
- Palmaris longus (PL)
- Flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS)
- Flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU)
Which muscles are in the deep anterior compartment of the arm?
- Flexor digitorum profundus (FDP)
- Flexor pollicis longus (FCP)
- Pronator quadratus (PQ)
Where do most of the flexors originate from?
common flexor tendon
What does the palmaris longus tendon fan out into?
The palmar aponeurosis (this is present even when PL isnβt)
Where can extensor muscles originate?
Interosseous membrane, ulnar/radius and common extensor tendon
What are the groups of intrinsic muscles of the hand?
- thenars
- adductors
- hypothenars
- interossei
- lumbricals
What are the thenar muscles?
- abductor pollicis brevis
- flexor pollicis brevis
- opponens pollicis
What are the adductor intrinsic hand muscle(s)?
adductor pollicis
What are the hypothenar muscles?
- Abductor digit minimi
- Flexor digiti minimi
- Opponens digiti minimi
What are the interossei/lumbricals?
-Lumbricals β flex the MCPβs, extend the IPJs
Palmar interossei β adduct the digits (βPADβ)
Dorsal interossei β abduct the digits (βDABβ)
What are interossei?
muscles that have attachments between bones
What are extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of the hand?
Extrinsic - muscle belly is located on the forearm. Intrinsic - smaller muscles located within the hand
Which muscles cause abduction. adduction. extension, flexion and opposition of the thumb?
Abduction: APL, APB
Adduction: Adductor pollicis, first dorsal interosseous
Extension: EPL, EPB, APL
Flexion: FPL, FPB
Opposition: Opponens pollicis
Where is adductor pollicis?
A single muscle that has a broad attachment on the middle metacarpal. Muscle fibres combine at the end of the first phalanx of the thumb
What is the nerve supplying the adductor pollicis?
ulnar - all other thenars are supplied by median
What are the lumbricals?
Muscles that are coming off the long tendons from flexor digitorum profundus (deep)