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AP Huge Cumulative Test > Halp me > Flashcards

Halp me Flashcards

1
Q

Define cartography

A

Making maps

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2
Q

Define geomorphology

A

Study of landforms and the processes that shape them

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3
Q

Define Distortion

A

When the map is slightly messed up to show other landforms somewhat correctly

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4
Q

Define map scale

A

Relationship b/w size of an object on a map+size of actual object

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5
Q

Define cultural landscape

A

Where people settle and why do they settle there

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6
Q

Define natural landscape

A

Nature before humans jacked it up

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7
Q

Define Regionalization

A

Forming different regions

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8
Q

Define GIS

A

computer program that stores geographic data and produces maps to show that data

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9
Q

Define GPS

A

System that determines absolute location of something on earth

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10
Q

Define relative location

A

Situation of a place based on other places surrounding it

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11
Q

Define absolute location

A

Exact location of a place

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12
Q

Arithmetic density

A

people/land

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13
Q

Physiological density

A

people/arable land

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14
Q

Agricultural density

A

farmers/arable land

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15
Q

Population clusters around the world

A

East Asia, South Asia, Europe

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16
Q

Population cluster in North America

A

guessing: north east, south east, and west by Cali.

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17
Q

Overpopulation

A

Too many people for resources on land

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18
Q

CBR

A

Total # of live births per 1000 people

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19
Q

Total Fertility Rate

A

Avg. # of children a woman will have in her childbearing years

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20
Q

Dependency ratio

A

of people under 15 and over 64 compared to # of people who work

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21
Q

CDR

A

total # of deaths in a year per 1000 people

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22
Q

Define doubling time

A

of years needed to double a population

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23
Q

Natural Increase Rate

A

% of growth of a population in a year -CBR-CDR

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24
Q

Thomas Malthus

A

Believed that worlds pop. rate was outrunning food supply

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25
Q

DTM

A

Model that shows countries in stages of development
Stage 1: High CBR, high CDR -Stage 2: High CBR, Declining CDR -Stage 3: Decreasing CBR, Decreasing CDR -Stage 4: Low CBR, low CDR

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26
Q

Antinatalist vs. Pronatalist*

A
  • Limit number of children born (China, one child policy)

- Encourage kids to be born (Russia)

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27
Q

Ravenstein’s laws

A
  1. Most migrants relocate a short distance and remain within the same country
  2. Long-distance migrants to other countries head for major centers of economic activity
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28
Q

Push vs. Pull factors

A

Push: Makes someone want to leave a place. ex: religious conflict, war, poverty
Pull: Draws someone to a different place ex: higher standard of living, jobs, family

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29
Q

Brain Drain

A

A large amount of educated people leave an area in search for higher paying jobs

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30
Q

Environmental Determinism

A

Env. controls our actions and we cant overcome that so sucks

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31
Q

Possibilism

A

Env. influences humans actions but we can overcome those obstacles

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32
Q

Cultural ecology

A

geographic approach that emphasizes human-env relations

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33
Q

Culture hearth

A

The origin of innovative ideas

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34
Q

Cultural landscape

A

THe fashioning of a natural landscape by a cultural group

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35
Q

Language family

A

A collection of languages related to each other through a common ancestor long before recorded history

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36
Q

Language branch

A

A collection of languages related through a common ancestor. Differences are not that extensive or old as in lan. fam. evidence to prove that they are related

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37
Q

Language dialect

A

Regional variant of a language distinguished by spelling etc.

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38
Q

Buddhism

A

Origin: First universalizing religion, India, Indo-Gangetic hearth (Buddha)
Diffusion: India-China-Korea-Japan-Tibet, Mongolia, SE asia, Silk Road
Branches: Theravada-monks -Mahayana-prayer -Lamaism-deities
Landscape: pagoda

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39
Q

Christianity

A

Origin: 2nd universalizing religion, semitic hearth=Israel
Diffusion: hearth= palenstine, largest # of adherents, Roman Empire=Christianity=official religion, Western hemis.
Branches: Roman Catholics, largest #=LA, Protestant=Baptist, Methodist, Penteostar Lutheran
Landscape: plain church’s=Pro., Cathedrals=Cath.

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40
Q

Hinduism

A

Origin: Indo-Gangetic hearth, India, 1st area to originate there before Buddhism
Diffusion: Indo-Gangetic hearth-Ganges-India
Braches: none
Landscape:Temples

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41
Q

Islam

A

Origin: 3rd universalizing religion, Mecca Saudi Arabia, fastest growing book=Koran, 2nd largest religion
Diffusion= Africa-Europe-Asia, most muslims=Asia
Branches: Sunni-Bangladesh, Pakistan, Indonesia=most people, Shiite-Iran, Iraq, descendants/Muhammad=leader
Landscape=mosque, minarets, 5 pillars, 1.Mecca 2.Medina 3.Dome of the rock

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42
Q

Popular culture

A

Mass culture that diffuses rapidly

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43
Q

Folk culture

A

Smaller region, smaller # of people

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44
Q

Ethnic enclave

A

Place where an ethnic minority is concentrated Ex. Ghetto

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45
Q

State

A

country

46
Q

Nation

A

A group of people who share a common culture

47
Q

Nation state

A

Only one “Race” of people in a country

48
Q

Stateless nation

A

Large group of people that does not have a territory to call its own

49
Q

Nationalism

A

Showing pride to ones country

50
Q

Sovereignty

A

Control a state has over the people+territory

51
Q

Imperialism

A

Establishing political, social and economic dominance over a colonized area

52
Q

Perforated state

A

A country that has another country inside of it Ex. South Africa

53
Q

Antecedent boundary

A

Existed before human activities developed them into their current state

54
Q

Subsequent boundary

A

Grow to divide space bc of human interaction and negotiation

55
Q

Geometric boundary

A

Straight line boundaries

56
Q

Relic(t) Boundary

A

no longer functions as a boundary- remainders of a pre-existing boundary (Berlin Wall)

57
Q

Self-determinism

A

The concept that ethnicities have the right to govern themselves

58
Q

Federal state

A

A state that allocates most powers to units of local gov

59
Q

Unitary state

A

A state that has most power in the hands of central gov. officials

60
Q

Centripetal

A

Unify a states people+regions t=together

61
Q

Centrifugal

A

Divides a states people f=fracture

62
Q

Devolution

A

Process of transferring some power from central gov to regional gov.s

63
Q

Supranationalism

A

Growing trend of 3 or more countries forming an alliance

64
Q

Gerrymandering

A

Drawing electoral boundaries to favor your party

65
Q

Primary sector

A

Extracting raw material from the earth

66
Q

Secondary sector

A

Manufacturing

67
Q

Tertiary sector

A

service sector such as public health

68
Q

Subsistence ag.

A

Ag. designed primarily for direct eating by the farmer+fam.

69
Q

Commercial ag.

A

Grow food for profit

70
Q

First agricultural revolution

A

Humans domesticated plants and animals

71
Q

Second agricultural revolution

A

Industrial revolution, improved fertilization and food storage technology was invented. People moved to cities for factory jobs

72
Q

Third agricultural revolution

A

Began in Na. Distributed mechanized farming technology and chemical fertilizers on a global level.

73
Q

Intensive agriculture

A

Intensive labor to grow crops

74
Q

Extensive ag.

A

Shifting cultivation, using a large amount of land to cultivate food for the farmers family to eat

75
Q

Von Thunen model (assumptions)

A
  • city is located centrally within an isolated state
  • isolated state is surrounded by an unoccupied wilderness
  • land is flat
  • soil quality and climate is consistent
  • farmers use oxcarts to transport goods to the city
  • farmers act to maximize porofits
76
Q

Ester Boserup

A

Food production will increase to support the growing population

77
Q

Human development index

A

indicator of the level of development for each country, made by UN based on income, literacy, education+life expectancy

78
Q

Manufacturing regions-world

A

ugh

79
Q

Core-Periphery model

A

developed countries are north of the equator, developing countries are south of the equator

80
Q

Bulk reducing

A

industry where the final product weighs less as the input such as steel and heavy metals

81
Q

Bulk gaining industry

A

industry where the final product weighs more than the inputs such as the beverage industry

82
Q

Culture realm

A

the merging together of culture regions, ex: anglo-american, Latin American, european

83
Q

Culture trait

A

a single attribute of a culture, such as bowing to show respect

84
Q

Cultural diffusion

A

the spread of peoples culture across space

85
Q

relocation diffusion

A

spread of feature or trend through people moving from place to place

86
Q

Hierarchical diffusion

A

Ideas spread through higher powered people to lower powered people

87
Q

Contagious diffusion

A

diffusion of ideas throughout a population such as a disease

88
Q

North/South gap

A

more developed countries are in the northern hemisphere, less developed in Southern Hemisphere

89
Q

Rostow’s model-development (5 stage model of development)

A
  1. Traditional society=agriculture
  2. Preconditions for takeoff=an elite group initiates innovative economic activities
  3. Takeoff=rapid growth is made in a limited # of economic activities, such as textiles/food products
  4. Drive to maturity=Modern technology diffuses to a wide variety of industries
  5. Age of mass consumption=economy shifts from production of heavy industry(steel and energy) to consumer goods (cars, fridges)
90
Q

Maquiladoras

A

factory built by a u.s. company in Mexico near the U.S. border due to low labor costs

91
Q

Ecumene

A

The portion of earth’s surface occupied by permanent human settlement

92
Q

Outsourcing

A

a corporation that decides to transfer work to foreign suppliers

93
Q

Suburbanization

A

growth of suburbs and the continued flight of wealthier families out of the inner city

94
Q

Urbanization

A

An increase in the % of the # of people living in urban settlements

95
Q

Rank-size rule

A

the nth largest settlement is 1/n the population of the largest settlement

96
Q

Basic vs. nonbasic sectors

A
  • industries that sell their products or services to consumers outside the settlement
  • industries sell products to people inside community
97
Q

Globalization

A

ideas spreading over the world

98
Q

Multiplier effect

A

increase in gov. spending creates a ripple effect which increases employment and output of goods

99
Q

Blockbusting

A

real estate agents convince white property owners to sell their houses at low prices bc here comes the black people watch out

100
Q

Filtering

A

process of changing a home to single use to abandonment

101
Q

white flight

A

White people leaving their homes in fear of black people moving in

102
Q

Sector model

A

city develops in wedges

103
Q

Multiple nuclei model

A

a city is a complex structure that includes more than one center around which activities involve

104
Q

Concentric zone model

A

city grows in a series of rings that surround the cbd

105
Q

Latin American City

A

Wealthy people live in the inner city and a sector extending along a commercial spine

106
Q

Annexation

A

legally adding land area to a city

107
Q

Urban renewal

A

redevelopment of an urban city

108
Q

Smart growth

A

Legislation and regulations to limit suburban sprawl and preserve farmland

109
Q

Urban sprawl

A

the uncontrolled expansion of urban areas

110
Q

Reasons for suburban boom in the 50’s

A

social security benefits for veterans, demand for more goods, more jobs, higher standard of living

111
Q

Define Demography

A

The study of population characteristics

AP Huge Cumulative Test (1 decks)

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