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AQA chemistry (13, Halogenoalkanes) > Halogenoalkanes - introductions > Flashcards

Halogenoalkanes - introductions Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the general formula for a halogenoalkane with a single halogen atom?

A

CnH2n+1X (X is the halogen)

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2
Q

What are the 4 halogens?

A

Flourine
Chlorine
Bromine
Iodine

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3
Q

What are the prefixes for the 4 halogens?

A

Fluoro-
Chloro-
Bromo-
Iodo-

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4
Q

What is the symbol for flourine?

A

F

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5
Q

What is the symbol for chlorine?

A

Cl

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6
Q

What is the symbol for bromine?

A

Br

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7
Q

What is the symbol for iodine?

A

I

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8
Q

The symbol F is for which element?

A

Flourine

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9
Q

The symbol Cl is for which element?

A

Chlorine

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10
Q

The symbol Br is for which element?

A

Bromine

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11
Q

The symbol I is for which element?

A

Iodine

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12
Q

Are the carbon-halogen bonds polar or non-polar?

A

Polar (C+_X-)

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13
Q

What is more electronegative? The carbon or the halogen?

A

The halogen

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14
Q

Do the electrons want to be closer to the carbon or the halogen?

A

The halogen

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15
Q

As you go down the group of the halogens what happens to the bond polarity?

A

They get less polar

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16
Q

Why aren’t the halogens soluble in water?

A

Because the bonds are not polar enough

17
Q

What are the main intermolecular forces of attraction between the carbon and halogens?

A

Dipole-dipole attractions and van der Waal forces.

18
Q

Because halogenoalkanes can mix with hydrocarbons what can they be used for?

A

dry-cleaning fluids and to remove oily stains (oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons).

19
Q

What is another word for halogenoalkanes?

A

Haloalknaes

20
Q

What does the boiling point of the halogenoalkane depend on?

A

The number of carbon and halogen atoms

21
Q

What happens to the boiling point as the chain length increases?

A

The boiling point increases

22
Q

How does the boiling point change going down the halogen group?

A

The boiling point increases

23
Q

Why does the boiling point increase with increased chains and when you go down the halogen group?

A

Because the van der Waals forces increase because the larger the molecule the greater the number of electrons and thus the larger the van der waals forces

24
Q

Why do halogenoalkanes have higher boiling points than other alkanes with similar chain lengths?

A

Because they have higher relative molecular masses and they are more polar.

25
Q

What are the two factors that determine how easily the C-X bond will break?

A

The C+_X- bond polarity

The C-X bond enthalpy

26
Q

What is a nucleophile?

A

An electron pair donor

27
Q

Which of the halogens is the most delta negative?

A

Flourine

28
Q

Which carbon-halogen bond is the most polar?

A

C-F2

29
Q

Why is C-F bond the most reactive?

A

It is the most polar, so the C+ has the most positive charge and is therefore most easily attacked by a nucleophile.

30
Q

Which Carbon-halogen bond is the least reactive?

A

C-I

31
Q

What happens to the bond enthalpy as you go down the halogens?

A

They decrease

32
Q

Why do the bond enthalpies decrease as you go down the halogen group?

A

Because the shared electrons get further and further away from the halogen nucleus, so the bond becomes weaker.

33
Q

What happens to the reactivity going down the halogen group?

A

It increases

34
Q

Which out of bond enthalpy and bond polarity is the more important factor in how reactive a carbon-halogen bond is?

A

Bond enthalpy

AQA chemistry (13, Halogenoalkanes) (3 decks)

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