Halogenoalkanes - Exam Q

Question 1

Explain the meaning of nucleophile.

Answer 1

electron pair donor

Question 2

Explain the meaning of hydrolysis.

Answer 2

splitting molecules using water

Question 3

What feature of the double bond prevents isomers from changing?

Answer 3

restricted rotation

Question 4

State the role of a hydroxide ion in a substitution reaction.

Answer 4

nucleophile

Question 5

State the role of a hydroxide ion in an elimination reaction.

Answer 5

base // proton acceptor

Question 6

Explain why the initial step in the nucleophillic substitution mechanism of the reaction producing the alcohol occurs.

Answer 6

• the C-Br bond is polar
• lone pair on OH attacks δ+ C
• C-Br bond breaks
• forming a carbocation

Question 7

Explain why an excess of ammonia is needed in reaction of bromoethane with NH3 to produce a high yield of ethylamine.

Answer 7

• ethylamine is a nucleophile
• therefore can react with bromoethane again to form quartenary amines

Question 8

Identify a suitable catalyst for the reaction of an alkene to produce an alcohol.

Answer 8

concentrated sulfuric acid

Question 9

Explain why bromine, a non-polar molecule, is able to react with propene.

Answer 9

• high electron density
• causes induced dipole in Br2
• making one end δ+ and the other δ-