Haloalkanes Haloarenes Flashcards
Ch2cl2
Uses
Paint remover
Aerosol propellant
Metal cleaning and finishing solvent
Process solvent [manufacture of drugs]
Ch2cl2
Aka
Side effect
Low level
High level
Direct contact with skin
Direct contact w eyes
Methylene chloride
Harms CNS
LOW LEVEL- Impaired hearing
And vision
HIGH LEVEL-dizziness
Nausea
Tingling numbness in fingers
Direct contact w skin - burning and redness
Direct contact w cornea -burns it
Chcl3
Aka
Uses
Chloroform
Fat alkaloid iodine solvent
General anaesthetic [replaced by safer&less toxic ether]
Production of freon refrigerant R22
Chcl3
Effects
Smaller amount
Chronic exposure
In air in presence of light
Depresses CNS
900 PPM dizziness headache fatigue
Chronic exposure - liver damage due to metabolizing into phosgene
And kidney and skin
Oxidised to extremely poisonous gas phosgene cocl2 carbonyl chloride & hcl
[Thus stored inndark bottles]
Ccl4
Use
Fire extinguisher
Aerosol propellant
Refrigerant
1960 cleaning fluid [decreasing agent in industry + spot remover at home]
Pharmaceutical manufacture + general solvent
Feedstock in cfc synthesis
Ccl4
Effects
Common
Serious
Liver cancer
Heart beat irregular/stops
Dizziness nausea vomiting damage to nerve cells
Can irritate eye
Stupor /coma / fainting / death
Ccl4
In atmp
Rises temp and ozone layer depletion
That exposes us to UV decreases immunity
Chi3
Names
Uses
Iodoform
Antiseptic property
Due to iodine liberated not iodoform itself
But due to smell replaced by other formulations
Freon
Name
Stability
Reactivity
Toxicity
Corrosive
Liquifiable?
Most common freon in industrial use
Manufacture from
Cfc of methane and ethane
Stable
Non reactive
Non toxic
Non corrosive
Liquefiable
Freon 12 ccl2f2
CCL4 swartz rxn
Freon
Use
Air conditioner
Aerosol propellant
Refrigerant
1974 total freon production 2B pounds
Makes It’s way to atmp
Stratosphere
Initiate Radical chain rxn effects ozone balance
DDT
Name
Prepared in
Used by / in /as
Use increased after
Problems after 1940s
Banned in yr and country
Pp’ dichloro diphenyl trichloro ethane
1873
Paul miller geigy pharmaceutical Switzer 1939 [Nobel 9 yrs later]
Used as insecticide
After WW2[ against mosquito spreading malaria lice carrying typhus]
Insects built tolerance
Toxic towards Fishes
Chemical stability and fat Solubility it is stored in fatty tissue of animals if build up
1973
US
Halogenatedcompounds persist in environment due to
Resistance to breakdown by soil bacteria
Used as solvents for
Non polar compounds
Antibiotics for typhoid fever
Chloramphenicol
Malaria treatment
Chloroquine
Halothane
Anaesthetic during surgery
____ being considered as blood substitutes in surgery
Fully fluorinated
