Haloalkanes Flashcards
1
Q
What are the rules of naming haloalkanes?
A
- find the longest carbon chain
- the positions of halogens are prefixes
- the prefixes are - bromo, - chloro
- the haloalkane prefixes are in alphabetical order
2
Q
What is a nucleophile?
A
An electron pair donor
3
Q
why does nucleophilic substitution occur in haloalkanes?
A
- halogens are more electronegative than carbon atoms and this means that the electron pair is closer to the halogen
- this gives carbon a partially positive charge and this attracts the lone pair on nucelophiles
- this causes the halogen to be substitued for the nucleophile
4
Q
Draw all 3 nucleophilic substitution reactions
A
- notes
5
Q
What is the reaction of halogens and hydroxide ions
A
- an alcohol
6
Q
What is the reaction of halogens and coppernicum
A
a nitrate
7
Q
What is the reaction of halogens and ammonia
A
an amine
8
Q
What are the nucleophiles?
A
- NH3
- CN
- OH
9
Q
What is the order in reactivity of haloalkanes?
A
- as you go down the halogens, reactivity increases as average bond enthalpy decreases
- this is seen in silver nitrate reactions
10
Q
What is displayed in silver nitrate reactions?
A
- iodine forms a yellow precipitate very quickly, as it has the lowest average bond enthalpy
- bromine forms a cream precipitate slower than iodine but faster than chlorine
- chlorine forms a white precipitate very slowly
