Haloalkanes

Question 1

Haloalkane- attached to ?

Answer 1

sp3 carbon

Question 2

Haloarene- attached to ?

Answer 2

sp2 Carbon

Question 3

homologous series formula for alkyl halides-

Answer 3

CnH(2n+1)X

Question 4

Allylic carbon

Answer 4

bonded to a carbon atom which is doubly bonded to another carbon atom.

Question 5

The general formula for allyl is

Answer 5

R-CH2-CH=CH2

Question 6

Vinylic halides

Answer 6

sp2 hybridized carbon of a double bond carbon atom to which halogen is attached

Question 7

R-OH + SOCl2 →

Answer 7

R-X + SO2 + HCl

Question 8

R-OH + HCl + Anhyd. ZnCl2 →

Answer 8

R-Cl (For secondary and primary alcohols)

Question 9

R-OH + PCl3 or PCl5 →

Answer 9

R-Cl

Question 10

Good yields of R-I obtained by heating alcohols with NaI or KI in

Answer 10

orthophosphoric acid (95%)

Question 11

Reactivity of alcohols with orthophosphoric acid-

Answer 11

3॰ > 2॰ > 1॰

Question 12

1. Dichloromethane chlorideWidely used as-

Answer 12

• solvent in paint remover
• as a propellant in aerosols
• as process solvent in drugs manufacture
• as metal cleaning and finishing solvent

Question 13

Lower levels of methylene chloride-

Answer 13

slightly impaired hearing and vision

Question 14

Higher levels of methylene chloride-

Answer 14

• nausea
• dizziness
• tingling
• numbness in fingers and toes

Question 15

On direct human contact with methylene chloride

Answer 15

• intense burning
• mild redness of skin
• direct contact with eyes- can burn cornea

Question 16

2. **Trichloromethane chloride(Chloroform)* used as

Answer 16

solvent for fats, alkaloids, iodine and other substances

Question 17

Major use of chloroform-

Answer 17

Production of freon refrigerant R-22

Question 18

Breathing chloroform for a short time can cause

Answer 18

• Dizziness
• Fatigue
• Headache

Question 19

Chloroform exposure may cause damage to

Answer 19

• Liver
• Kidney
• Sores if skin is immersed in chloroform

Question 20

chloroform slowly oxidized by air in the presence of light to form

Answer 20

phosgene

Question 21

3. Triiodomethane(Iodoform) Used as

Answer 21

Antiseptic

Question 22

antiseptic prop. of iodoform due to

Answer 22

liberation of free iodine

Question 23

4. Tetrachloromethane(Carbon tetrachloride)Uses-

Answer 23

• in manufacture of refrigerants and propellants for aerosol cans
• used as feedstock in the synthesis of CFC, other chemicals
• Was also used as cleaning fluid in industries and as spot remover and fire extinguisher in home

Question 24

Common effects-

Answer 24

• • Dizziness
  • Light headaches
  • nausea
  • vomiting which can cause permanent damage to nerve cells

Question 25

Extreme cases-

Answer 25

- stupor - coma - unconsciousness - death

Question 26

- can make arrhythmia - depletes ozone layer Compound?

Answer 26

ccl4

Question 27

Freons

Answer 27

CFC compounds of ethane and methane collectively called freons

Question 28

Freons properties

Answer 28

- Extremely stable - Easily liquefiable - unreactive - nontoxic

Question 29

Most common in industrial use freon-

Answer 29

Freon 12 (CCl2F2)

Question 30

freon Manufactured from

Answer 30

tetrachloromethane by Swartz reaction

Question 31

In stratosphere, freons initiate

Answer 31

radical chain reactions that depletes the ozone layer

Question 32

Freons used for

Answer 32

propellants, refrigeration, air conditioning purposes

Question 33

DDT

Answer 33

First chlorinated organic insecticide

Question 34

DDT effect against?

Answer 34

against mosquito that spreads malaria and lice that carry typhus

Question 35

Effect of DDT in fishes-

Answer 35

- Has high toxicity towards fish | - DDT gets stored in fatty tissues and builds up within the animal over time