Haloalkanes Flashcards
What are haloalkanes?
Organic compounds that contain carbon atoms and at least one halogen atom
Are haloalkanes soluble in water?
Insoluble as C-H bonds are non polar and not compensated enough by C-X polarity
What type of intermolecular forces do haloalkanes have?
London forces and permanent dipoles between C-X
When would haloalkanes have higher boiling points?
Increased carbon chain length or a halogen further down group 7
What is the most important factor in determining halogen reactivity?
The strength of carbon-halogen bond
What would bond polarity suggest the order of reactivity would be?
C-F would be most reactive as its the most polar bond
What would bond enthalpies suggest the order of reactivity would be?
C-I would be the most reactive as it has the lowest bond enthalpy
Define nucleophile
Electron pair donor
Give 3 examples of nucleophiles
:OH-
:CN-
:NH3
What is nucleophilic substitution?
A reaction where a nucleophile donates a lone pair of electrons
What is hydrolysis?
A reaction where water is a reactant that causes the breaking of a bond in a molecule (NaOH or KOH)
What fission does water undergo to produce OH-
Heterolytic fision
Why does the hydrolysis of 1-chlorobutane react the slowest?
Because the C-Cl- bond is the strongest
What are CFCs?
Haloalkanes containing C, F and Cl only
What is the problem with CFCs?
They catalyse the breakdown of ozone in the atmosphere via free radical substitution