Haloalkane And Haloarenes

Question 1

Allyl halide

Answer 1

If a halogen atom is bonded to SP3 carbon it is known as allyl halide.

H2C = HC - H2C - x

Question 2

Benzyl Halide

Answer 2

And alkyl halide in which there are one or more halogen atoms on benzylic carbon.

Question 3

Vinyl Halide

Answer 3

If halogen atom is bonded to SP2 carbon it is known as vinyl halide

Question 4

Aryl Halide

Answer 4

A halogen attached to aromatic group it is known as aryl halide

Question 5

Markonikov’s rule

Answer 5

Addition of halogen to that carbon which contains less number of hydrogen atoms.

CH3 - CH = CH2 + HBr –> CH3-CH-CH3
|
Br

Question 6

Antimarkonikov’s rule

Answer 6

Addition of halogen to carbon containing more hydrogen and addition of hydrogen from HBr to carbon containing less hydrogen.

CH3-CH=CH2+HBr–>CH3-CH2-CH2
|
Br

Question 7

Finkelstein reaction

Answer 7

Alkyl iodide is formed by the reaction of alkyl chloride or bromide with NaI in dry Acetone, this is known as Finkelstein reaction .

R-X+NaI—> R-I+NaX
Ex:- CH3-Cl+NaI—> CH3-I-Nacl

Question 8

Swart reaction

Answer 8

alkyl floride is prepared by the reaction of alkyl chloride or bromide with AgF, this reaction is known as Swart reaction.

R-X+AgF–>R-F+Agx
Ex:- CH3CH2Cl+AgF–>CH3CH2F+Agcl

Question 9

Borodine-hundsdiecker reaction

Answer 9

Bromide alkanes are prepared by the reaction of silver salf acids with bromine in ccl4 this reaction known as borodine-hundsdiecker reaction.

Ex:- CH3COOAg+Br2–>CH3Br+CO2+AgBr

Question 10

Sandmeyer’s reaction

Answer 10

When the amino group of aniline is replaced by chlorine, Br or CN in presence of copper salt and halogen acid is called sandmeyer’s reaction.

Question 11

Enantiomer

Answer 11

Non super impossible mirror images are known as enantiomers.

Question 12

Raecemic mixture

Answer 12

A mixture containing two enantiomer in equal proportion will have zero optical rotation. This type of mixture is known as raecemic mixture.

Question 13

Saytzeff rule

Answer 13

Alkene which has more alkyl groups around double bond carbon will majorly form, and is known as saytzeff rule.

Question 14

Wurtz reaction

Answer 14

When alkyl halide reacts with Na-metal in the presence of dry ether it forms hydrocarbon.

Question 15

Polyhalogen compounds

Answer 15

Carbon compounds having more than one halogen atoms are known as polyhalogen compounds.

Question 16

Isomer and Isomerism

Answer 16

Same molecular formula but different structure is known as Isomer and this process is known as isomerism.

Question 17

Preparation of Haloalkane

Answer 17

1) FROM ALCOHOL
a) By the action of Halogen acid (halogen and H2O)
ex: - CH3-CH2-OH+Hcl–>CH3-CH2-Cl+H2O

b) By the action of phosphorus halide
R-OH+PCl5-->R-Cl+HCl+POCl3 
3R-OH+PCl3-->3R-Cl+H3PCO3 

 c) By the action of Thionyl chloride (SO2&HCL escapes)
    ex: - CH3-CH2-OH+SOCl2-->CH3-CH2-Cl+SO2+HCl 

2) FROM HYDROCARBON
a)Free radical reaction
CH3-CH2-CH3+Cl2–>CH3-CH2-CH2-Cl+HCl

3) FROM ALKENE
a) Symmetrical alkene
H2C=CH2+HBr–>H3C-CH2-Br
b) Asymmetrical alkene
i) Markonikov’s rule
ii) Antimarkonikov’s rule

4) BY HALOGEN EXCHANGE
a) Finkelstein reaction
b) Swart reaction
c) Borodine-hundsdiecker reaction

Question 18

Preparation of Haloarenes

Answer 18

1) BY ELECTROPHILIC SUBSTITUTION OF AROMATIC HYDROCARBON

2) SANDMEYER’S REACTION

Question 19

Physical properties of Haloalkane and Haloarenes

Answer 19

All are colourless in nature
sweet and small
melting point and boiling point