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Pathophysiology- HEENT > Hallmark Signs > Flashcards

Hallmark Signs Flashcards

1
Q

Scarlet fever

A

Raspberry tongue

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2
Q

Measles

A

Koplik spots, whiteish raised spots in buccosal membrane.

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3
Q

Mono

A

Swollen parotid gland

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4
Q

Diphtheria

A

White/gray plaques on the oropharynx

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5
Q

Oral lesions that HIV can present with

A

Hairy leukoplakia and thrush

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6
Q

Wegener’s granulomatosis

A

“Saddle nose”- granulomas in blood vessels in upper airway of nose

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7
Q

Olfactory Neuroblastoma or Esthesioneuroblastoma

A

Enolase+/cytokeratin- is the marker

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8
Q

CROUP or laryngotracheobronchitis

A

Inspiratory stridor

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9
Q

Association with HPV

A

Laryngeal carcinoma

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10
Q

Association with HPV 6 and 11

A

Sinonasal carcinoma (3 types), squamous papilloma of larynx

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11
Q

Association with EBV

A

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma

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12
Q

Laryngeal carcinoma

A

Hoarseness

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13
Q

Hodgekin’s Lymphoma

A

Sternberg’s cells

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14
Q

Acute serous otitis media

A

Cholesterol granuloma

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15
Q

Orbital floor fracture

A

Restricted upgaze if muscle entrapment

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16
Q

Association with HPV 16 and 18

A

Squamous papilloma of conjunctiva and CIN

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17
Q

Chronic HSV Keratitis

A

Granulomatous reaction in Decemet’s membrane (“pebbles of sand” in eye)

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18
Q

Epithelial keratitis

A

Finger like ulcerations, “Dendritic” tree branches in epithelial layer of cornea

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19
Q

Stromal keratitis

A

Dilation of blood vessels and clouding in stromal layer of cornea

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20
Q

Anterior uveitis

A

WBC’s floating in aqueous humor (white speckles in snow globe)

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21
Q

Chronic hypertension

A

AV nicking

22
Q

Retinoblastoma

A

Flexner-Wintersteiner Rosettes and fleurettes

23
Q

Reactivation TB

A

Cystic cavities in upper lobe

24
Q

Asthma

A

Charcot-leyden crystals

25
Q

Measles, TB, sarcoidosis, histoplasmosis (granulomatous diseases)

A

Multinucleated giant cells

26
Q

Pulmonary hemorrhage

A

Triangular subpleural lesions

27
Q

Pulmonary edema

A

Hemosiderin laden macrophages

28
Q

Pulmonary edema and congestion

A

Heavy, wet lungs (congested alveoli, intra-alveolar transudate)

29
Q

Microvascular injury

A

Hyaline membrane formation

30
Q

Chronic passive congestion (Long-standing pulmonary congestion)

A

Brown induration

31
Q

Diabetes, retinal vein occlusion, angiomas, Von Hippel-Lindau dz, vascular dysplasias, and radiation induced retinal vasculopathy

A

Yellow flecks

32
Q

HTN, diabetes, HIV, severe anemia, thrombocytopenia

A

Cotton wool spots

33
Q

Hypertensive Retinopathy (or chronic HTN)

A

AV nicking

34
Q

Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

A

Associated with the histologic appearance of UIP (Usual Interstitial pneumonia) on lung biopsy, also subpleural cysts and honeycombing (CARDINAL CT FINDING), traction bronchiectasis. Lung BASES.

35
Q

Pneumoconioses (silicosis)

A

Large nodular densities indicating progressive massive fibrosis

36
Q

Asbestos vs. silicosis

A

Pulmonary fibrosis will show asbestos bodies and ABSENCE of large nodules, pleural plaque, linear fibrosis. Silicosis will show large nodules; prominent in apices of lungs.

37
Q

Adenocarcinoma of lung

A

Peripheral in lungs; associated with asbestos exposure

38
Q

Interstitial lung disease suggestive of asbestos

A

Ferruginous bodies

39
Q

Sarcoidosis

A

Enlarged hilar nodes (Hilar adenopathy), sometimes bilateral lung nodules in lower lobes, non caseating granulomas with multinucleated giant cells

40
Q

Abnormal squamous cell (Tadpole cell)

A

Nucleus is irregularly shaped, and cytoplasm is opaque and stain bright orange red

41
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma

A

Epithelial pearls, tadpole cells

42
Q

TB

A

Cavitary lesions

43
Q

High-grade dysplasia and carcinoma in situ

A

Preneoplastic lesions in respiratory epithelium, usually evidence of smoking-relating damage

44
Q

Adenocarcinoma of lung (acinar, papillary, bronchioalveolar, solid, mixed subtypes)

A

Lepidic and papillary growth patterns, or bronchioalveolar growth pattern

45
Q

Adenocarcinoma of other organ systems

A

Glandular growth pattern

46
Q

Bronchioalveolar carcinoma

A

Lepidic growth exclusively

47
Q

Small cell carcinoma

A

widespread patchy infiltration of the marrow, diffuse leptomeningeal spread, Markers for neuroendocrine differentiation (including metastatic), nuclear molding common

48
Q

Adenocarcinoma

A

Evidence of mucin formation

49
Q

Mesotheliomas

A

Long, branching microvilli

50
Q

Neuroendocrine cells

A

membrane-bound cytoplasmic granules with dense cores

51
Q

Lung, lymphangitic spread

A

Raised firm lines and small nodules on surfaces of the lung

Pathophysiology- HEENT (2 decks)

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