hallmark/key/classic symptoms Flashcards
Key symptoms of tamponade
dyspnea and chest pain
mid-diastolic rumble; opening snap
Mitral Stenosis
apical (holo) systolic
Mitral Regurgitation
mid systolic click
Mitral Valve Prolapse
paradoxical splitting; harsh systolic ejection; Pulsus parvus et tardus, brachioradial delay
Aortic stenosis
high-pitch blowing diastolic; classic “water hammer pulse” (Corrigan pulse); accentuated precordial apical thrust, pulsus bisferiens, Duroziez sign (a “to-and-fro” femoral murmur), de Musset sign (pulsatile head bobbing), and Quincke sign (capillary pulsations visible at the proximal nail bed while pressure is applied at the tip).
Aortic regurgitation
soft blowing holosytolic
Tricuspid regurgitation
rumbling crescendo-decrescendo diastolic
Tricuspid stenosis
harsh systolic; loud ejection click
Pulmonary stenosis
high-pitched and blowing diastolic murmur (Graham Steel murmur)
Pulmonary regurgitation
hallmarks of dilated cardiomyopathy
Right ventricular dilatation accompanied by normal LV wall thickness
“square root sign” or “dip-and-plateau” filling pattern
Restrictive cardiomyopathy
paradoxical arterial pulse; rapid “y” descent of the cervical venous pulse; pericardial “knock,” kussmaul sign; characteristic dip and plateau (the “square root sign”) of the right ventricular pressure trace is characteristic of the disease.
cardiac tamponade
Kussmaul sign (inspiratory neck vein distention)
constrictive pericarditis
6 Ps in compartment syndrome
pain (earliest), pallor, paralysis, pulselessness, paresthesia, poikilothermia
