Haiti 2010- EQ2 tectonics

Question 1

what was Haiti’s gdi per capita in 2021?

Answer 1

$2,900

Question 2

what was Haiti’s ddi per capita in 2010?

Answer 2

US $1300

Question 3

what was haiti’s hdi in 2021?

Answer 3

0.535 (closer to one is the best)

Question 4

how many people survive on less than $2 a day?

Answer 4

58% of people

Question 5

what percentage of the government budget come from foreign aid?

Answer 5

30-40%

Question 6

what was Haitis national debt in 2017?

Answer 6

146/193 debt repayment
$2.7 billion (2017)

Question 7

what were the root causes of the 2010 haiti earthquake (PAR model0

Answer 7

LOW GDI AND HDI, high national debt, lic, dependance on foreign aid for government budget etc.

Question 8

what were the dynamic pressures in the 2010. Haiti earthquake? (PAR model)

Answer 8

lack of:
- urban planning to control where and how buildings were constructed and where people lived (informal settlements).
- disaster preparedness and management systems
- effective education systems
- disaster management systems
macro forces

others:
- rapid urbanisation- vulnerable slum housing
- high population density (capital= port au prince, 306 people per km2).
- significant deforestation and soil degradation as a result of large sugar plantations. - this increases the risk of earthquake- related landslides.

Question 9

what’s Port au prince’s population density?

Answer 9

306 people per km2

Question 10

what were the unsafe conditions in the Haiti 2010 earthquake?

Answer 10

• the soft soil, where many of Haiti’s buildings were constructed caused the damage of the seismic waves to be amplified, hence increasing the damage.
• a lot of illegal housing was built in unsafe areas, such as hillsides- more vulnerable to landslides (secondary impact of earthquakes).
• low gap per capita meant buildings weren’t constructed correctly or under any safety regulations.

Question 11

what plates collided during the Haiti 2010 earthquake?

Answer 11

fault between the North American carribean plate
strike -slip fault
(conservative+ destructive in places)

Question 12

what wad the magnitude of the 2010 Haiti earthquake?

Answer 12

7.0

Question 13

How much of the population were affected by the earthquake?

Answer 13

3.5 million of the 10 million

Question 14

How many people were killed by the earthquake?

Answer 14

222,570 people

Question 15

How many people were injured by the earthquake?

Answer 15

300,572

Question 16

Where was the epicentre?

Answer 16

Leogane which is 15km from the capital

Question 17

What were the short time environmental impacts of eq?

Answer 17

• fires were spread due to gas pipeline explosions which damaged woodlands.

Question 18

what were the medium environmental impacts of the eq?

Answer 18

• cholera epidemic occurs in haiti’s largest river- the Artibonite
• secondary spills and hazardous chemicals
• some flooding in costal areas

Question 19

what were the long term environmental impacts ?

Answer 19

• geographical and flood risks for rebuilt cmps
• important natural landscapes destroyed
• farmers man-made structures supporting the environment were destroyed.

Question 20

what were the short term economic impacts?

Answer 20

• shops and businesses were destroyed
• looting from shops took place
• damsage to transport and communication links made trade difficult/decrease
• unemployment levels sky-rocketed

Question 21

what were the medium economic impacts of eq?

Answer 21

• agricultural industries destroyed, causing unemployment levels to sky-rocket
• most of haiti’s primary exports- mangoes and coffee saw a large drop
• damaged transport and communication links- made international trade hard
• food prices became expensive- poverty and starvation increased among population.

Question 22

what were the long term economic impacts of eq?

Answer 22

• destroyed national cathedral
• total damage = $7.8 billion
• cost of rebuilding settlements were high, unaffordable
• investments were mainly focused open repairing damage rather than business.

Question 23

short term social impacts of eq

Answer 23

1.5 million homeless
220k killed
killed 25% of civil servants in Port au prince
transport and communication links disrupted
concrete roofs collapsed
8000 deaths from cholera

Question 24

medium term social impacts of eq

Answer 24

• cholera outbreak called a further 8000 deaths
  Oxfam and the Red Cross solicitating prostitutes and exploiting them (workers)
  water pipes busted- water contamination
  1 million people homeless sought refuge in other countries
  Too many deaths meant bodies had to be piled up on street not enough room in morgues or hospitals

Question 25

long term social impacts of eq

Answer 25

-60% of city's government buildings destroyed -80% of schools damaged - people were rehoused in more affordable accommodation like refugee camps - disease spread

Question 26

short term responses

Answer 26

- help for haiti's us campaign- $58 million in 24 hours- not all made it to haiti (ngos, private organisations etc) Canada opened up for refugees many countries responded to appeals for aid- pledging funds dispatching restore+ medical centres, engineers, support personnel, etc. - communication systems , air land and sea facilities, hospitals and electrical networks had been damaged- this slowed aid efforts. - An Argentinian military hospital was the only facility that could respond locally - Dominican Republic first to help sending rescue teams to treat 2,000 injured people Iceland provided emergency response team in 24 hours; these rescued teams rescued 120 people from rubble

Question 27

medium term responses

Answer 27

- after rescue, supplies medication and sanitation became priority - delays in aid distribution led to many appeals from aid workers and survivors- looting and sporadic violence - USA sent rescue teams and 10k troops - bottled water and purification tablets were provided 25k people moved away from P auP to less damaged cities. - £20 million donated by the UK government. - 400 Haitian children adopted by families in US

Question 28

long-term responses

Answer 28

- Eu gave $330 million -wb wiped countries debt repayments for 5 years - Senegalese offered land in Senegal to Haitians - 6 months after the earthquake, 95% of rubble remained uncleared- some still blocking vital access roads - between 23 major charities, $1.1 billion donated , but only 2% of the money was released.( corruption) - Dominican Republic offered some support and accepted refugees - medicines san frontiers (charities) tried to help casualties whilst USA took charge of trying to coordinate aid distribution.

Question 29

how long did it take to rebuild?

Answer 29

Took a decade to rebuild

Question 30

What made the Haitian Earthquake so deadly

Answer 30

Haiti's location on destructive plate margin The conditions of housing prior to the eruption The size of the earthquake Level of development in Haiti The geology of the area Population density Water bourne diseases like Cholera broke out Aid didn't come fast enough There was no warning

Question 31

Was preparation effective?

Answer 31

very little to no preparation.... - poor building codes meant limited earthquake resistance - the 2008 hurricane that occurred meant that many of the services and buildings were already in poor shape - the government was unstable and services were underfunded - lack of education on earthquakes EVALUATION: in 1990 the UN International Decade for Disaster Reduction began so there was better organisation for the preparation. - Haiti reconstruction fund has only spent 10% of its funding - US aid gave only 2.4% of its projects to local Haitian companies and more than 90% to Washington contractors

Question 32

Was hazard mapping used/effective?

Answer 32

no... it was the first seismic activity event since 1751 so no mapping was in place increasing the damage caused