Hair, Skin, Nails, and Abdomen PEDS Flashcards
(55 cards)
What vital sign do you start with for infants? Why?
- respiration
- it changes very easily; temperature can increase pulse and respiration
How long do you look for respirations in an infant? Where? Why?
- a full minute
- their belly
- they are diaphragmatic breathers and they have short apneac periods
What physical measurements happen for an infant?
- weight
- length
- head circumference
When do you find the chest circumference of an infant?
- to compare it with the head
- not standard
What are the four growth measurements that warrant further explanation?
- below 5% or above 95% without genetic explanation
- wide percentile difference between height and weight
- sudden stop of growth when it has been steady
- failure of normal growth spurts
What is a Mongolian spot? Who is it common in?
- hyperpigmentation
- Black, Asian, American-Indian, and Hispanic newborns
- mostly on the bottom
What is a Cafe au lait spot? When is it usually present?
- a large round or oval patch of light brown pigmentation
- usually present at birth
What is erythema toxicum? Where does it show?
- common rash that appears in the first 3-4 days of life
- red macules and papule on the cheeks, trunk, chest, back, and buttocks
- “flea bite rash”
What is cutis marmorata?
-a transient mottling in the trunk and extremeties in response to cooler temperatures
What is physiologic jaundice? How often does it occur?
- a common variation in half of all newborns
- yellowing of skin, sclera, and mucus membrane developed 3-4 days after life
- because of increased numbers of red blood cells that hemolyze after birth
What is milia and where does it occur? What is it caused by?
- a common variation of white papules on the cheeks, forehead, nose, and other skin
- caused by sebum that occludes the openings of follicles
What does measles look like? Where does it occur?
- red-purple maculapapular blotchy rash that appears of 3 or 4 day of illness
- first behind the ears then to the face, neck, trunk, arms, and legs
- looks coppery and does not blanch
- Koplik spots
What does German measles look like? Where does it occur?
- pink, papular rash that first appears on the face and then spreads
- presence of neck lymphadenopathy
- NO Koplik spots
What does chickenpox look like and where does it occur?
- small, tight vesicles that first appear on the trunk
- spreads to face, arms, and legs
- shiny vesicles on an erythematous base
What is seborrheic dermatitis? What is another name for it?
- cradle cap
- scaly, crusty scalp that occurs with seborrheic dermatitis
What might a newborn’s nails look like for the first few hours of life?
-may be blue for a few hours but then turn pink
What should the liver span measure at the age of: 2 years, 6 years, and adolescence?
- 2 years: 3.5 cm
- 6 years: 5 cm
- adolescence: 6-7 cm
What is an umbilical hernia during infancy? By what age do most of them resolve? When is it its biggest?
- when the umbilicus sticks out
- 1 year
- 1 month
Who is an umbilical hernia most common in? What accentuates it?
- black infants
- crying
How do you measure a baby’s weight?
-measuring board
What is the average and the range for an infants head circumference?
- average: 34 cm
- range: 32-38 cm
When is a really high fever not as dangerous as for an adult?
-up to 6-8 years
What pulse do you take for infants and older?
- apical: infants and toddlers
- radial: 2 years and older
What is sinus arrhythmia?
-the pulse speeds up when inhaling and slows when exhaling
