Hair Color Flashcards
Color is
A phenomenon of light
It is a group of electromagnetic waves
And it can be seen if wavelengths are reflected off an object
Primary colors
Red
Blue
Yellow
Create all other colors
What colors are produced by mixing 2 primary colors in varying proportions
Secondary colors are produced by mixing 2 primary colors in varying proportions
A mixture of red and yellow creates what color
Red and yellow = orange
Varying proportion of blue and yellow create what color
Blue and yellow=green
Tertiary colors
Yellow-orange
Red-violet
Blue-green
Red-orange
Mixing varying proportion of a primary color with its neighboring secondary color produces
Tertiary colors
Warm colors
Tones generally fall into the yellow orange and red half of color wheel
Cool colors
Fall into the green blue and violet half of color wheel
Mixing colors found opposite one another on the color wheel produces
Gray black and brown
colors found opposite each other on the color wheel
Complementary colors
An application of which colors would help rid client of unwanted orange tones
Blue based color
A level 12 hair color
The lightest level
The vividness brightness or saturation of a color is referred to
Intensity
Which colors coat only the surface of the cuticle and do not enter the cortex
Temporary colors
A nonoxidative process that uses large and small color molecules and allows small color molecules to penetrate the cuticle and enter the cortex
Semi permanent coloring
Semi permanent colors
Deposit color only does not require retouch service does not involve a chemical change to alter hair
A vegetable dye that produces reddish highlights is
Henna
Chemical services should not be performed on hair that has been colored with
Henna
Metallic dyes
Compound dye
Which color tool is used to apply a thick or creamy consistency
Color brown and brush
What consists of nylon bristles on one end and a pointed tip on the other
Color brush
Which color tool is commonly used to apply color products with a thinner consistency
Applicator bottle
What color tool is used to comb and part the hair
Tail comb
What color tool is commonly used with highlights
Foils
Hair color products that are mixed with a developer to create a chemical change
Oxidative colors
Type of hair that uses low-volume hydrogen peroxide that can only deposit color or add Tobe to tge hair would be
Long lasting semi permanent
Long lasting semi permanent colors will generally last
4 to 6 weeks
Demi permanent colors
Add tone
Deposit color
Last 4 to 6 weeks
Do not lift existing color
Permanent hair colors are sometimes called
Oxidative tints with ammonia
The combination of hydrogen peroxide and which of the following items will allow for the lift and lightening of the hours natural color
Hydrogen peroxide and ammonia
Product that requires skin patch test
Permanent color
What may be required if desired amount of lift is not achieved using single process color
Prelightening
Which item is most commonly used developer or oxidizing agent
Hydrogen peroxide
Which product contains aniline derivatives
Permanent colors and they required a predisposition test before service
20 volume hydrogen peroxide solution will generally lift the hair
Two levels
A 30 volume hydrogen peroxide solution will generally lift the hair how many more levels than 20 vol.
One more level than 20
Which product is used before a color service to provide an even base bt filling in porous or damaged areas
Filler
Lightners
Used to diffused or remove pigment
On scalp lightners
Have a pH of about 9
Off scalp lightners
Special effects such as highlighting
Which process involves lightening the hair and then recoloring to the desired color result
Double process
Small concentration of eumelanin will produce
Light blond hair
A predominant amount of pheomelanin produces
Red hair
Which hair texture may tend to process slightly lighter than the intended level
Coarse
Which type of porosity may take longer to absorb coloring
Resistant
With resistant porosity cuticles are
Smooth tightly packed and compact
Common reasons for a color change
Create fashion statements
Enhance existing or natural hair color
Cover or blend gray and mimic or correct the sun’s lightening effects
What color design principle can draw attention away from the texture of a design and focus on the silhouette
Repetition
The texture of a hair design can be emphasized or re-emphasized based
Color pattern
Selective color placement in a specific are can create
Focal point
Three levels of observation are
Basic
Detail
Abstract
Which design principle changes from one color to another repeatedly
Alternation
Which design principle refers to an ascending or descending scale of colors
Progression design
Repeats one color in a given area
Repetition
Creates a relationship of opposites
Contrast
Which technique is performed on the surface of the hair to create a highlighted or lowlights color effect
Free-form painting
A highlight technique in which a crochet hook is used to pull strands through a perforated Cap
Cap method
Which technique is used to add tone or darken the existing color along the entire strand
Base to ends
Retouch application
Applying color to base
A color technique popular with clients who request ombre
Away from base coloring
The guest experience begins with
Building rapport and trust
Greeting your client with a firm handshale is part of which service essential
Connect
Producing a functional predictable and pleasing result
Create
Asking questions and analyzing clients anatomical features
Consult
Reinforcing guest satisfaction
Complete
Client record houses
Client contact information
Color formulation
Processing time
Draping for a color service should include a cape and
Towel
A predisposition test should be performed how many hours before a color service
24 to 48 hours
A skin patch test will help determine
If client has a sensitivity or allergic reaction
Coloring the hair back yo it’s natural color
Tint back
Following a color removal procedure the designer should
Condition and dry the hair
Which of the following responses could be the reason for a color result that is too light
Color formula was too light
How often should the client typically schedule a retouch after receiving a lighter result hair service
3 to 6 weeks
New growth on lighter is more visible
Frequent retouched
What could be done to solve the problem of insufficient coverage of gray hair
Choose darker color to solve problem
When performing a double process technique on a client the lightener is first applied
1/2 in (1.25 cm) applied away from scalp out to the porous ends
Mixing varying proportion of primary colors with its neighboring secondary color will produce
Tertiary colors
In a permanent hair color procedure the small colored molecules enter the hair with the aid of an alkaline substance
Ammonia
Which term is the most commonly used developer or oxidizing agent
Hydrogen peroxide
On the scalp lighteners
Available in two forms
Oil and cream
Have a pHof around 9
Lighten the natural pigment
The guest experience begins
Building rapport and trust
What colors are produced by mixing two of the 3 primary colors un varying proportion
Secondary colors
Following a color removal procedure
Designer Should condition and dry hair
In order to become active a developer needs ti ve mixed with ammonia or
Alkaline compounds
A 20 volume hydrogen peroxide solution will generally lift the hair
Two levels
The connect service essential
Building rapport
Developing a relationship with the client
Which of the following color techniques is generally referred to as a retouch application
Base
Hair should never be lightened or decolorized to
White
A coloring technique that lightens isolated strands by weaving or slicing
Highlighting
The vividness brightness or saturation of a color
Intensity
Color
Phenomenon of light
Group of electromagnetic waves can be seen if wavelengths are reflected off an object
Varying proportion of blue and yellow create
Green
Which of the following responses could be the reason for a color result that is too light
Color formula was too light
A predisposition test should be performed how many hours before a color service
24 to 48
Which type of hair colors are capable of lightening natural pigment and depositing artificial pigment in one process
Permanent hair colors lift the natural pigment and deposit artificial pig in one process
What should be applied when dropping for a color service to prevent irritating and starting the hairline
Barrier cream
With resistant porosity cuticles are
Smooth tightly packed and compact
Which colors coat only the surface of the cuticle and do not enter the cortex
Temporary colors
Which type of color products deposit colorlift and deposit color in a single process technique
Oxidative colors -permanent
A predisposition test for all products containing an aniline derivative ingredient is a requirement from
The u.s federal food drug and cosmetic act when
When applying color to a client with 75% gray apply
One level darker
Mixing colors found opposite one another on the color wheel produces
Gray black brown
During a retouch procedure for a lighter resultapply mixture to
New growth area only
Reasons for a color change
Create a fashion statement
To enhance existing natural hair color
Cover or blend gray
Mimic or correct sun’s lightening effects
Lightners utilize ingredients such as ammonia and peroxide to penetratethe cortex
Cassette melanin yo break down
Hair color products that are mixed with a developer to create a chemical change
Oxidative colors permanent
the action performed by oxidative color after initial application
Oxidative tints cause the hairstrand to swell
Why are color molecules able to penetrate the cuticle later of the hair when using semi permanent products versus temporary colors
Molecules are smaller in size molecules penantrate cuticle layer of the hair
What product comes in powder form and mixed with hydrogen peroxide becomes a strong lightening product
Off the scalp lightners
When two of the three primary colors are mixed in varying proportions the three secondary colors produced are
Orange green violet
Hair breakage and discoloration can happen when coloring hair that has been previously colored with
Henna
Metallic dyes
Compound dyes
Anilinr derivative products can’t be used
To color eyelashes or eyebrows can cause blindness
Which hair texture may tend to process slightly lighter than the intended level
Coarse hair
A predominant amount of Pheomelanin will produce
Red hair
The texture of a hair design can be emphasized or de-emphasized based on
Color pattern
In artificial hair coloring the predominant tone is known as
Base color
What base toner would be used to produce a neutral blond or prelightened pale yellow hair
Violet based toner
Which of the following color groups are considered the 3 pure colors
Red blue and yellow
Which of the following methods may be needed if a hair color service result in a darker color than the client desires
Hair color removal technique
A color technique popular with clients who request ombre
Away from the base coloring
A type of hair colors that uses a low volume hydrogen peroxide that can only deposit color or add tone to the hair would be
Long lasting semi permanent
In a double process technique after rinsing the Lightner and checking for scalp abrasions you should
Mix and apply toner
Fine hair which is generally less resistant may appear to process in what manner when color is deposited
Fine hair which is less resistant may appear to process darker when color is deposited
The degree of lightnessor darkness of color relative to itself and to other colors is know as color level
Hue
Draping for color service should include cape
And towel
Regarding color services which of the following may help the school or salon owner avoid retribution as a result of any damage or accidents
Client release statement
When should the salon professional ask a client about past color services
Consult service
Coloring the hair back to its natural color
Tint back
During the consult service essential prior to the service which if the following items could be used to better understand the ckients specific desires
Hair color swatches
Lightens hair faster
Off the scalp lightner
Which type of mixing bowls may cause hydrogen peroxide to weaken
Metal mixing bowls may cause hydrogen peroxide to weaken
Which design principle refers to an ascending or descending scale of colors
Progression
When applying an oxidative color for a darker result color is applied
Base to ends
Peroxide can act as an oxidizer and lift or subtract color when activated by
A higher pH substance
Temporary colors are usually applied to
Clean towel dried hair
What color tool is used to command part the hair
Tail vomb
What affects the processing time when decolorizing hair
Amount of natural pigment in hair
What color design principle can draw attention away from the texture of a design and focus in the silhouette
Repetition
If the hair accepts color easily
It has Average porosity
Henna
Reddish tones
Roman women used mixtures of wood ash unsealed lime and sodium bicarbonate
To lighten their hair
August Wilhelm von Hofmann and William Henry perkin
Accidentally discovered how to create permanent dyes
Led to synthetic hair colorants that are used today
Temporarily
By adding color pigment that shampoos out
Immediately or over time
Permanently
Either by adding or removing color pigment
Color
The visual perception of the reflection of light
Phenomenon of light
Sir Issac Newton
Discovered that without light there would be no color in 1676
Electromagnetic waves
Wavelengths
Colors not visible to the eye
Radio waves
Infrared waves
Wavelengths that can be seen
Create color and are known as visible light
Wavelengths
Can’t be seen unless they are reflected off an object
Law of color
States that only three colors
Red yellow blue
Are pure colors
Primary colors
Red
Yellow
Blue
Pure colors
They can’t be created by mixing any other colors
When two or 3 primary colors are mixed in varying proportions
They produce 3 secondary colors
Secondary colors
Orange
Green
Violet
Orange
Red and yellow
Green
Blue and yellow
Violet
Red and blue
Mixing a primary color with its neighboring color in varying proportions make
Tertiary colors
Six tertiary colors
Yellow-orange Red- orange Red-violet Blue-violet Blue- green Yellow- green
Color wheel
12 hue color circle that is created from the 3 primary colors which then are used to create fge 3 secondary and 6 tertiary colors positioned in a circle allowing any mixed color to be described in relation to the primary colors
Tone/hue
Color
The name of a color is identified
By its position on the wheel
Tone of hair color can be described as
Warm cool or neutral
Colors can be classified as either
Warm colors (warm tones) Cool colors (cool tones)
Warm color tones
Yellow orange or red half of the color wheel
Cool color tones
Green blue and violet half of the color wheel
Yellow-green and violet-red
Can be considered warm or cool depending on whether they contain more of the cool tones or warm tones
If someone is classified as warm
Means their hair and skin coloring fall into the yellow red orange category
Has undertones
How to identify warm and cool undertones on a client
Turn wrist over blue veins 💙 cool undertones
Green veins 💚 warm undertones
Combination means neutral
Complementary colors
Colors found opposite one another on the color wheel
Often used to correct or neutralize unwanted tones
When 2 complementary colors are combined
Results contain all 3 primary colors
When complimentary colors are mixed together in varying portions
They neutralize or cancel another out
Producing a neutral color
Gray black or brown
Color that don’t exhibit warm or cool tones
Considered neutral
Brassy orange tones get corrected by
Blue based color neutralizes brassy
Color has 3 main characteristics
Hue
Level/value
Intensity
Hue
Named and abbreviated for easy reference based on their position on color wheel
Yellow Red Blue Green Orange Violet
RO
BV
Level/ value
The degree of lightness or darkness if a color relative to itself and to other colors
Yellow- light color
Red- medium color
Blue- dark color
2 wats to talk about Value
Fields and level
Three major hair color fields
Light
Medium
Dark
The level system
Is a numbering system that identifies the lightness or darkness of hair colors
Hair color is divided into
10 numbered levels
Darkest hair level 1
Lightest level is 10 (12)
Lighter colors
Come forward
Darker colors
Recede
Intensity
Vividness brightness or saturation of a color within its own level
Mild to strong
Strength of a colors tone not its lightness or darkness
Strong intensity
Deep vibrant rich
Soft intensity
Subtle muted soft
Intense version of color is called
Pure because it’s the most saturated version of that color
Blue
The darkest of the 3 primary colors
Yellow
Lightest
Red
Medium
Motivations to change colors
Create a fashion statement
Enhance existing or natural hair color
Cover or blend gray hair
Mimic or correct sun’s lightening effects
An all over application of a darker color
Draws attention to the overall form of a design
Placing darker colors in close fitting areas and lighter colors where more expansion is desired
Can enhance the form of the design
Effect of color on form
Repetition of color throughout draw attention away from texture and focus on silhouette
Effects of color on texture
Emphasize or de-emphasized based in pattern and degree between colors chosen
A repetition of color
Visually calm and otherwise activated texture
An alternation in a selected area
Can accentuate the sculpted texture
Effects of color as a focal point
Selective placement can create a focal point or accentuate a focal point
A darker color at the nape
Visually narrows the head shape
Lighter blonds towards face create softness
A dark shadow with bright accent color
Frames the fame creates dynamic focal point that emphasizes the eyes and geometric fringe
A soft fusion of warm colors throughout Mid lengths and ends
Gives appearance of more movement and dimension
Lighter accent pieces in interior of overall dark design
Draw attention and emphasize the longer lengths
Color design analysis
Existing and desired color
Patterns shapes and techniques
Three levels of observation
Basic
Detail
Abstract
Basic
Visualizing in black and white to help determine lightness or darkness
Light Medium Dark Same color throughout Pattern of colors
Detail
Hair color family
Warmth or coolness
Intensity
Whether it’s is alight warm brown medium or cool brown
Abstract
Imagine placement of color to create effects you see
Placement of color
Pattern and shapes used
Solid form
Deeper tones at perimeter enhance the form line and add visual weight
Highlights around face create focal point
Highlights throughout create the illusion of surface activation and more movement
Graduated form
Darker tones in exterior enhance the tapered effect and angular shape of nape
Interior highlights create more activated appearance to balance sculpted activated texture in exterior
Repetition diminishes contrast of sculpted textures and draws attention to shape and form
Increase layers
Lighter ends show activated texture and elongation of form
Lighter tones in interior create illusion of more volume
All over highlights increase illusion of texture activation particularly on the long interior layers
Uniformly layered
Repetition enhances shape form
Highlights near face create focal point
Alternation adds appearance of texture activation p
zones
Subdivide the head into multiple areas to create a color design with a combination of colors
Areas that can be colored in zones
Fringe Top Crown Nape Perimeter
Shapes used in color design
Rectangles
Triangles
Circles or portions of circle
Design principles elements
Form
Texture
Color
Design principles
Repetition
Alternation
Progression
Contrast
Repetition
Repetition of color creates maximum light reflection and shine
Alternation
Colors change from one to another repeatedly
Creates illusion of height and depth or texture
Can be used throughout or zones and shapes
Progression
Ascending or descending scale of colors
Can be created with zonal patterns
Or along hairstrand
Contrast
Relationship of opposites
3 levels apart darker colors create depth
Lighter colors come forward
Illusion of volume
