hair care & product knowledge Flashcards
what are the six general cosmetic classifications?
solutions, suspensions, emulsions, ointments, soaps, and powders
Mixtures of two or more kinds of evenly dispersed molecules
solutions
A substance that dissolves into a liquid forms a solution
solute
A substance that is able to dissolve another substance
solvent
Liquids that are not able to be mixed
immersible
Liquids able to be mixed together without separating
miscible
What is known as the universal solvent?
water
What are the three classes of a solution?
dilute, concentrated, and saturated
What is a dilute solution?
contains a small quantity of the solute in comparison to the quality of solvent
What is a concentrated solution?
contains a large quantity of the solute in comparison to the quantity of solvent
What is a saturated solution?
Can’t take or dissolve more of the solute than it already holds at a given temperature
What is a suspension?
Mixtures of two or more molecules that separate when left, standing, and need to be shaken before use
What is an emulsion?
when two or more admissible substances are united by binder or gum like substance
What is an ointment?
mixtures of organic substances and medicinal agent; usually found in semi solid form
What are soaps?
mixtures of fats and oils converted to fatty acids by heat, and then purified
What are powders?
equal mixtures of inorganic and organic substances that do not dissolve in water
what do shampoos do?
clean scalp and hair to remove foreign matter without affecting scalp or hair
what are surfactants?
cleansing agents used to remove oil from hair and they consist of two parts
what is lipophilic?
The surfactant tail that loves grease and hates water
what is hydrophilic
The surfactant head that loves water and hates grease
what does biologically inactive mean?
The hair fiber beyond the scalp is dead
what is the natural pH of the hair and scalp?
4.5 to 5.5
what does hard water contain?
Salt and metals that prevent shampoo from lathering
what does soft water contain?
small amounts of minerals, and is preferred because it lather freely
what is the primary ingredient in most shampoos?
water
how much water makes up the human body?
60%
what are the two methods for water purification?
Sedimentation and filtration
what is sedimentation?
undesirable substances sink to the bottom; like sand
what is filtration?
undesirable substances passed through a porous substance
all purpose shampoos
Contain low, alkaline content, and cleanse without correcting any special condition
pH balanced shampoos
Formulated to have the same pH as hair and skin and used on almost all hair types
plain shampoo
contains high, alkaline soap, base; usually strong; not recommended for chemically treated or damaged hair
Soapless shampoo
Lather without harsh alkaline ingredients; effective in both soft and hard water
medicated shampoo
Contains ingredients to treat scalp and hair problems
clarifying shampoo
Often has higher alkalinity to remove residue, chlorine, minerals, or product buildup. Often used before chemical services.
anti-dandruff shampoo
Formulated for either dry or oily scalp. Contains an anti-fungal or germicide.
strengthening protein additive shampoo
Cleanses and conditions; strengthens damaged areas of the hair by depositing protein fragments along the hair shaft
aerosol dry shampoo
Used to expand time between shampoos and add texture; works by absorbing oil at the roots
non-aerosol powder dry shampoo
Used to expand time between shampoos and ad texture; formulated for clients who are bedridden. Not for chemical service.
liquid dry shampoo
Cleanses, scalp and hair when client is unable to receive normal shampoo. Effective in cleaning wigs and hairpieces.
conditioning shampoo
contains additives that coat the cuticle layer of the hair, improve the tensile strength, elasticity, porosity, and result, and shine and manageability
neutralizing shampoo
Restores the hair to its natural pH
Color shampoo
Contains temporary color molecules that adhere to outer cuticle of the hair and deposit color
thinning hair shampoo
Does not cause damage or weigh hair down; may contain ingredients to provide a healthy environment to maximize hair growth
what can happen if shampoo is too alkaline (acidic)?
The hair fiber can swell
What is cosmetic appearance?
luster or shine of the hair
what is porosity?
Ability of hair to avoid moisture, liquids, or chemicals
what is manageability?
How easily a comb can pass through wet or dry hair
what is elasticity?
Ability of hair to stretch and return to natural shape without breaking
how far can healthy hair be stretched, when wet?
50%
how far can a healthy hair be stretched when dry?
20%
what are rinses?
they affect mostly the surface of the hair and are usually applied to the hair and rinse off immediately; they are applied to the hair to help close the cuticle, and make her feel soft and manageable
what does instant conditioner do?
It coats, hair, shaft, and restores, moisture and oils
what does normalizing conditioner do?
The acidity causes cuticle to close after alkaline chemical service
what is a bodybuilding conditioner?
It penetrates damaged hair shaft amd deposits proteins into cortex
what does moisturizing conditioner do?
it contains humectants that penetrate hair shaft to bind and hold moisture
what does a customized conditioner do?
It’s formulated to meet special needs of clients
what are most protein conditioners derived from?
Animal or vegetable minerals
what are other additional ingredients found in conditioners
amines/quats (manageability), dimethicones, (softness) and fatty alcohols and acids (smoothness)
when should a client use conditioners sparingly and only when necessary?
when they have fine, thin hair
when should clients use a heavier conditioner?
When they have thick or curly hair
when should clients use a leave-in in product?
when they need to control curl and waves
which agency regulates cosmetics in the US?
FDA
which has a book that list and standardizes drugs?
USP
