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Intersystem > Haemopoiesis > Flashcards

Haemopoiesis Flashcards

1
Q

How many red cells are in the blood?

A

3-5x10^12/L

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2
Q

How many white cells are in the blood?

A

2-6x10^9/L

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3
Q

White cells are replaced every

A

3-5 days

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4
Q

T/F when looking at bone marrow down the microscope most cells are RBCs

A

False; most cells are WBC precursors because they are replaced more frequently

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5
Q

How many platelets are in the blood?

A

150-400x10^9/L

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6
Q

Platelets are replaced every

A

10 days

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7
Q

In the first few weeks of fetal life, blood is made in the

A

yolk sac

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8
Q

From 6wks-7mo gestation, blood is made

A

in liver and spleen

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9
Q

From 7mo gestation onward, blood is made

A

in the bone marrow

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10
Q

In adult life, problems with haemopoiesis or bone marrow can lead to recruitment of _________ and _______ to make blood

A

liver and spleen

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11
Q

T/F normal healthy bone marrow is ~50% fat spaces

A

True

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12
Q

Throughout life, marrow is replaced with

A

Fat

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13
Q

As a child, haemopoises occurs in which bones?

A

Long bones: tibia, fibula, femur, pelvis, spine, sternum, ribs, skull, humerus

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14
Q

As an adult, haemopoiesis occurs in which bones?

A

axial skeleton: pelvis, sternum, ribs, spine

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15
Q

Pluripotent stem cells are capable of

A

self renewal or differentiation into any and all haemopoietic cell lines

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16
Q

In addition to haemopoietic cells, pluripotent stem cells give rise to which cells?

A

lymphocytes

osteoclasts

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17
Q

T/F Pluripotent stem cells can be identified on LM

A

False

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18
Q

When a marrow transplant is performed, what is the target cell type?

A

Pluripotent stem cells - but they cannot be identified so a fraction of cells is taken with them present

19
Q

T/F CFUs can be seen on LM

A

False; only see cells in maturational step beyond that

20
Q

CFU

A

colony forming unit

21
Q

BFU

A

blast forming unit

22
Q

T/F bone marrow is in constant contact with the blood

A

True; bone can be used as an alternate IV site

23
Q

Immature and developing cells in the peripheral blood indicates

A

disease; should be in BM

24
Q

How do immature cells know to stay in the bone marrow?

A

they are linked to the stroma

25
Q

BM stroma provides

A

a specific microenvironment for BM cells which are hooked on by adhesion molecules until needed in the blood

26
Q

Cells in the BM are anchored to

A

ECM and stroma by adhesion molecules

27
Q

What determines when BM cells are released into the circulation?

A

Changes in adhesion molecules

28
Q

What are the haemopoietic growth factors?

A

glycoprotein hormones with local and circulating actions, which mediate effects through specific receptors

29
Q

T/F each haemopoietic growth factor/hormone has only one effect

A

False; they mediate different effects depending on which receptor they bind to

30
Q

T/F each cell line is acted on by only one haemopoietic growth factor

A

False; there is no part of the pathway where only one growth factor acts

31
Q

Most GFs act at what level?

A

transcription at the nuclear level

32
Q

Most GFs work through

A

a membrane receptor (inducing a conformational change) and a second messenger that transmits the signal to the nucleus to initiate transcripiton

33
Q

What are the 3 most important haematinics?

A

Iron
Vit B12
Folate

34
Q

Red cells consist of

A

membrane
Hb
enzymes

35
Q

Hb is made of

A

2x alpha chains and 2x beta chains with iron in the centre

36
Q

Iron is required for

A

O2 carrying

37
Q

To maintain adequate iron

A

adequate diet

limit blood loss

38
Q

Iron deficiency at a young age can result in

A

irreversible IQ loss

39
Q

Sources of iron

A

meat, spinach, milo

40
Q

Sources of vit B12

A

meat, fish, dairy

41
Q

Vit B12 is important for production of

A

all blood cells - RBCs, WBCs, platelets; important for all cells

42
Q

Causes of B12 deficiency include

A

dietary, poor absorption, problems in metabolism

43
Q

Sources of folate

A

green leafy vegetables

44
Q

Folate is important for

A

all blood cell production and all cells

Intersystem (5 decks)

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