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Microbio Bacteria COLLOQ3 > Haemophilus Influenza > Flashcards

Haemophilus Influenza Flashcards

1
Q

Is Haemophilus influenza gram positive or negative?

A

Haemophilus inlfuenza = GRAM NEGATIVE

> think peptidoglycan layer
do not take purple stain
safranin pink dye

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2
Q

Where does haemophilus influenza normally colonise?

A

Respiratory tract

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3
Q

What are the 2 major categories for Haemophilus influenza?

A

> ENCAPSULATED = 6 sera types

  • A B C D E F
  • Haemophilus influenza B - most common to cause human infection

> UNCAPSULATED = nontypable as it does not contain the polysaccharide capsule
-most common to cause human infection

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4
Q

Why strain of haemophilus influenza is most common to cause human infection?

A

Haemophilus influenza ENCAPSULATED sera type B

and

Haemophilic influenza uncapsulated NONTYPABLE

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5
Q

What is the shape of haemophilus influenza?

A

COCCOBACILLUS

> COCOUS (round)
BACILLUS (linear)

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6
Q

Is haemophilus influenza motile or non motile?

A

Non-motile

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7
Q

Is haemophilus influenza catalase positive OR negative?

A

haemophilus influenza is CATALSE POSITIVE

> destroys H2O2 produced by phagosome and able to survive inside neutrophils

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8
Q

Is haemophilus influenza oxidase positive or negative?

A

haemophilus influenza is OXIDASE POSITIVE

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9
Q

What type of anaerobes?

A

FACULTATIVE ANAERBOES

> grow best in media enriched with CO2

> can survive in aerobic and anaerobic

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10
Q

What culture mediums are used for haemophilus influenza?

A

1)chocolate agar: containing (help with growth)
> factor X (hemin)
> factor V (nicotiamide adenine nucleotide)

2)blood agar: along with staphylococcus aureus species
>provides factor 5 via RBC hemolysis

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11
Q

Explain how chocolate agar helps to grow haemophilus influenza

A

Chocolate agar:
>factor X (hemin)
>factor V (nicotinamide adenine nucleotide)

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12
Q

Explain how blood agar help to grow haemophilus influenza

A

Blood agar: cultured with staphylococcus aureus

> provides factor 5 via RBC hemolysis

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13
Q

Describe the colonise formed in chocolate and blood agar for haemophilus influenza

A

> convex
smooth
grey or transparent colonies

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14
Q

How does the capsule of homophilus influenza act as a virulence factor?

A

Capsule - polysaccharide layer
> contain pili to attach to host cell surface
>also contain ADHESION PROTEINS - HMW1 + HMW2 (also help with attachment to host surface)

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15
Q

What is the function of the lipooligosacharide (LPS) found in the outer-membrane of homophilus influenza?

A

> inhibits mucocillary clearance
mucus not able to clear out the foreign bacterias
h.influenza can now colonise the respiratory tract as it won’t get cleared

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16
Q

Which Ig protease is secreted by the hemophilus influenza and what is the function?

A

hemophilus influenza secretes:
>IgA proteases which destroys IgA produced by host immune system (mainly found in nasopharyngeal mucosa and opsonises any invading bacteria)

IgA PROTEASES NEUTRALISES FIRST LINE OF MUCOSAL DEFENCE IN NASOPHARYNX

17
Q

Outline the virulence factors of encapsulated h.influneza

A

1) VARIATION PHASE:
>ability to change to ooligosacharide so the immune cell are no longer able to recognise and produce a fast response

2) BIOFILMS
>sticky layer made of EXPOLLYSACHARIDES - bacteria hides from host IS + antibiotics

18
Q

What other invasive diseases does ENCAPSULATED H.influenza cause?

A

From Nasopharynx:

> can reach EPIGLOTTIS = EPIGLOTITIS

> can reach face soft tissues = CELLULITIS

> from nasopharynx epithelium - can enter blood = BACTEREMIA
&raquo_space; MENINGTIS
&raquo_space; OSTEOMYLITIS
&raquo_space; SEPTIC ARTHRITIS

19
Q

Once H.influenze is in the blood (bacterimia) - what other diseases can it cause?

A

> SEPTIC ARTHRITIS (joints)

> MENINGITIS (meninges in brain)

> OSTEOMYLETISI (bone)

20
Q

Which H.infuluenze is more invasive causing more disease?

ENCAPSULATED OR UNCAPSULATED?

A

ENCAPSULATED:

  • epiglotitis
  • celulitis
  • bacterimia (meningitis, osteomyelitis, septic arthritis)
21
Q

What less invasive diseases does UNCAPSULATED H.influenza cause?

A

FROM NASOPHARYNX:

> can enter eustachian tube - OTITIDIS

> can enter respiratory tract - BRONCHITIS

> can enter nasal sinuses - SINUSITIS

22
Q

How is H.influenza transmitted?

A

> respiratory droplets

> respiratory secretions

23
Q

Which type of encapsulated H.infulenza is the most dangerous?

A

H.influenza encapsulated TYPE B

24
Q

Who is most at risk for H.influenza encapsulated TYPE B?

A

> children

> P with SPLEEN ISSUES: sick cell diseases + splenectomy

> malignancies

> congenital deficiencies of complement components

> acute viral infections

25
Q

Who is at most risk for untypable uncapsulated H.influenza?

A

> children

> immunecomprising conditions

  • HIV
  • DIABTES
  • MALIGNANCY
  • VIRAL INFECTIONS

> COPD

26
Q

What biological samples can be taken for diagnosis of H.influenza?

A

> BLOOD

> CSF

> SYNOVIAL FLUID

> PLEURAL FLUID

> SINUS FLUID

27
Q

What serological methods can be carried out to detect Ab against h.influenza?

A

> Latex agglutination

> Enzyme immunoassay

> Coagglutination

28
Q

How is H.influenza type B - causing meningitis treated?

A

> Ceftriaxone

> Chloramphenicol

29
Q

How are the nontypable infection caused by H.influenza treated?

A

MUCOSAL INFECTION:

> AMOXICILLIN with or without clavulanante

> 3rd generation of cephalosporins
macrolides
fluroquinolones

30
Q

What vaccine is available for H.influenza type B

A

HIB VACCINE:
»Vaccine containing type B capsular polysaccharide conjugated with diphtheria toxoid

> give for 2-18months olds
MAINLY TO PREVENT MENINGITIS ; as it is more common in unimmunised children

31
Q

What treatment is given to those in contact with H.influenza type B children ?

A

RIFAMPICIN

> CHEMOPROPHYLAXYS by using RIFAMPICIN

32
Q

What other species are under Hemophilus?

A

H. influenza (most common one)

H. ducreyi

H. parainfluenziae

H. aegyptius

33
Q

What are the virulence factors of Hemophilus influenza?

A

> polysaccharide capsule

> endotoxins

34
Q

What is the quellung test? Why is this test done?

A

Specific Ab interaction with capsule pollysacharide
>causing capsular swelling and visible under microscopy

Definitive diagnosis for h.influenza

35
Q

What is the treatment for Otitidis and Sinusitis by H.influenza?

A

COAMOXICLAY

Microbio Bacteria COLLOQ3 (8 decks)

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