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Hypertension RCM week 6 > Haemodynamics > Flashcards

Haemodynamics Flashcards

1
Q

What is the equation for flow

A

Pressure gradient between arteries and veins/ resistance

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2
Q

Structure of a blood vessel from inside to out

A

Lumen
Intima (endothelium)
MEdia (smooth muscle, elastin, collagen)
Adventitia

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3
Q

What is the media made of

A

Smooth muscle, elastin, collagen

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4
Q

Amount of smooth muscle in aorta, arteries, arterioles and capillaries in relation to each other

A

0 in capillaries
Most in arterioles
second most in arteries
Not much in the aorta

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5
Q

elasticity in capillaries, arteries, arterioles and capillaries in relation to each other

A

0 elasticity in capillaries and venules

Elasticity is most In capillaries, second most in arterioles

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6
Q

Smooth muscle content in aorta, arteries, arterioles and capillaries in relation to each other

A

Most in the capillaries, second most in the arterioles

0 in the arteries and aorta

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7
Q

Relationship between total cross sectional area and the size of the blood vessel

A

Smaller blood vessels have a larger cross sectional area because they are more numerous

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8
Q

At constant flow rate, which blood vessels have the highest and lowest velocity

A

Highest- aorta

Lowest- capillaries

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9
Q

What is Flow directly related to

A

The pressure different

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10
Q

What is flow inversely related to

A

Resistance

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11
Q

What is resistance determined by

A

-Length of blood vessels
Viscocity of fluid
-Radius of tube (r^4)

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12
Q

What does the media do

A

Allow active control over the diameter

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13
Q

What does the adventitia contain and what does it do

A

Contains lots of elastin and collagen and provides structure

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14
Q

What is there between the media and adventitia and what do these do

A

Lots of sympathetic nerves

-Control the diameter of the blood vessels

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15
Q

Why should you decrease the blood pressure before the blood reaches the capillary

A

Otherwise it would rupture the capillary

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16
Q

What control is there not in venules

A

No dynamic control

17
Q

How is the flow related to the pressure difference

A

Greater the pressure gradient, the greater the flow

18
Q

How is flow related to vessel length

A

Longer the vessel, the lower the flow (inversely related)

19
Q

How is flow related to viscosity

A

Increased viscosity means a lower flow (viscosity means thickness)

20
Q

Why is the flow being exponentially related to the radius of the tube important (r^4)

A

A small change in the radius of the blood vessel will have a very large effect on the blood flow

21
Q

What is resistance largely determined by and why

A

Radius because vessel length and viscosity doesnt change under normal conditions

22
Q

What vessels have the greatest capacity to change the radius

A

Small arteries and arterioles

23
Q

Formula for total peripheral resistance

A

arterial-venous pressure

divided by cardiac output

24
Q

when does turbulent flow occur

A

When there is atherosclerosis so a higher driving pressure is needed

25
Q

Why is systolic pressure reduced

A

Because aorta absorbs some of the energy

26
Q

Where is the velocity at its max in laminar flow

A

MAx in the centre

27
Q

What is elasticity conferred by

A

Elastin and collagen

28
Q

What has a smoothing effect on blood

A

Elastic conduits (arteries) and high resistance arterioles

29
Q

What does the extent of elasticity determine

A

The compliance (change in volume for a given pressure)

30
Q

What does less compliance mean

A

Less distensibility

31
Q

What does arterial compliance provide

A

Provides filtering/smoothing

32
Q

What does compliance mean

A

Ability to absorb pressure wave

33
Q

What does venous compliance provide

A

Capacity for storage because they have a high compliance

34
Q

What determines cardiac output

A

Venous return

35
Q

What is venous return affected by

A
  • Valves (prevent back flow)

- Constriction of the blood vessels (venomotor tone)

36
Q

What do constricting veins do to venous capacity and in turn what does this do

A

Reduce venous capacity which increases return of blood to heart (increases effective circulating blood volume)

37
Q

What does leg muscle contraction do

A

Squeezes blood from superficial vein to deep vein to heart

Hypertension RCM week 6 (3 decks)

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