Haematuria

Question 1

Definition of haematuria?

Answer 1

Visible (macroscopic)

Non-visible (microscopic):

• symptomatic
• asymptomatic

Question 2

Causes of haematuria?

Answer 2

UTI

Cancer: bladder, renal cell, prostate, urethral, endometrial

Urolithiasis

BPH and prostate cancer

Glomerulonephritis

Question 3

Investigations of haematuria?

Answer 3

Urine dipstick: to rule out UTI and look for proteinuria

Send urine for protein:creatinine ratio

Bloods: creatinine, eGFR, FBC

USS of renal tract

Cystoscopy

Renal angiogram

Question 4

When should you refer a patient with haematuria to UROLOGY?

Answer 4

Visible haematuria

Symptomatic non-visible haematuria

Asymptomatic non-visible haematuria aged over 40

Question 5

When should you refer a patient with haematuria to NEPHROLOGY?

Answer 5

Urological cause excluded

Declining GFR

CKD 4 or 5

Significant proteinuria