Haematuria

Question 1

What is non-visible haematuria?

Answer 1

Microscopic haematuria

DEtected on urine dipstick on repeated testing, but not visible. Most is of non-renal cause, to urological investigation is first line in the aged >40

Question 2

What is visible haematuria?

Answer 2

Macroscopic haematuria

Blood that is visible in the urine. Urological investigation is required to exclude renal tract malignancy.

Question 3

What are causes of haematuria?

Answer 3

• Malignancy (KUB, Prostate)
• Calculi (any point)
• Nephritic syndrome
• PKD
• Schistosomiasis
• Trauma
• Iatrogenic - post TURP, post catheterisation
• Infection - Pyelonephritis, urethritis, cystitis, prostatitis

Question 4

How is non-visible haematuria subdivided?

Answer 4

Symptomatic and non-symptomatic

Question 5

What do you need to make sure that haematuria (visible or non) is not?

Answer 5

Blood from menstruation

Question 6

When would consider urological assessment in someone with haematuria (VH, sNVH, aNVH)?

Answer 6

40 years

Question 7

What investigations would you consider doing in someone over the age of 40 with VH, sNVH, or aNVH?

Answer 7

• Urological assessment
• US KUB
• Flexible Cystoscopy

To exclude renal tract malignancy and calculi

Question 8

When would you admit someone with haematuria?

Answer 8

• Clot retention
• Reduced Hb