Haematuria (2)

Question 1

What are the definitions to know?

Answer 1

• Macroscopic - blood in urine that’s visible to the naked eye
• Microscopic - blood in urine that’s detectable only on urinalysis
• Haemoglobinuria - due to haemolysis of red cells
• Myoglobinuria - due to muscle breakdown

Question 2

What are its causes?

Answer 2

Pseuohaematuria:
• Rifampicin
• Berries
• Beetroot
• Myoglobin (in rhabdomyolysis)
• Menstruation

Kidney
• Glomerulonephritis
• Tumour, RCC
• Kidney stone
• Infection
• Sickle cell

Ureters
• Kidney stone
• Tumours
• Strictures
• Infection

Urethral
• BPH
• Prostate ca.
• Prostatitis
• Trauma

Other
• Anticoagulants