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Data Interpretation > Haematology > Flashcards

Haematology Flashcards

1
Q

Causes of a microcytic anaemia

A

Iron deficiency, thalassaemia, sideroblastic anaemia, chronic disease

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2
Q

Causes of a macrocytic anaemia

A

B12 deficiency, folate deficiency, alcohol, reticulocytosis, hypothyroidism, multiple myeloma, myelodysplasia, aplastic anaemia

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3
Q

Causes of a normocytic anaemia

A

Chronic disease, haemolytic anaemia, acute blood loss, marrow infiltration

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4
Q

Where are the following absorbed:

1) iron
2) b12
3) folate

A

iron - duodenum and jejunum
b12 - terminal ileum
folate - small bowel

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5
Q

How is iron absorbed and stored?

A

Absorbed in the ferrous state (Fe2+) from the upper small bowel, transported across intestinal cells and into plasma, carried to marrow by transferrin.
Stored as ferritin and haemosiderin.

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6
Q

How do the components of an iron profile look in iron deficiency?

A 
Serum iron - low
Total iron binding capacity - increased
Serum ferritin - reduced
Transferin saturation - reduced
Serum soluble transferrin receptors - increased
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7
Q

4 tests of coagulation

A

Prothrombin time (PT)
Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT)
International normalised ratio (INR)
Bleeding time

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8
Q

PT/APTT/Fibrinogen findings in a pt on warfarin

A

up/normal/normal

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9
Q

PT/APTT/Fibrinogen findings in a pt on heparin

A

normal/up/normal

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10
Q

PT/APTT/Fibrinogen findings in a pt with haemophilia

A

normal/up/normal

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11
Q

PT/APTT/Fibrinogen findings in a pt with liver disease

A

up/up/normal

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12
Q

PT/APTT/Fibrinogen findings in a pt with DIC

A

up/up/down

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13
Q

Causes of eosinophilia

A

Churg Strauss, parasitic infections

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14
Q

5 causes of hypokalaemia

A 
Drugs (diuretics)
Intestinal losses (vomiting, high stoma output)
Renal tubular disease
Endocrine causes
Metabolic alkalosis
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15
Q

6 causes of hyperkalaemia

A

Renal failure

Drugs (K sparing diuretics,

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16
Q

Calcium/Phosphate/ALP findings in osteoporosis

A

N/N/N

17
Q

Calcium/Phosphate/ALP findings in osteomalacia

A

low/low/high

18
Q

Calcium/Phosphate/ALP findings in pagets

A

N/N/high

19
Q

Calcium/Phosphate/ALP findings in 1ry ↑parathyroidism

A

high/low/high

20
Q

Calcium/Phosphate/ALP findings in 2ry ↑parathyroidism

A

N/high/high

21
Q

Calcium/Phosphate/ALP findings in 3ry ↑parathyroidism

A

high/low/high

22
Q 
Which tumours are the following tumour markers associated with:
a-fetoprotein
b-hcg
PSA
CA125
CA19-9
CEA
A

AFP - hepatocellular carcinoma, testicular teratoma
bhCG - testiuclar teratoma, seminoma, choriocarcinoma
PSA - prostate
CA125 - ovarian
CA19-9 - pancreatic
CEA - colorectal

Data Interpretation (1 decks)

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