Haematology Flashcards
How to diagnose sickle cell disease
- Hb Electrophoresis
- Blood Film (shows sickle and target cells)
What investigations are used to distinguish between types of anaemia
- Red cell indices
- Blood film
What investigation is done when Hypochromic Microcytic anaemia is diagnosed
Serum ferritin
What investigation is done when Normochromic Normocytic anaemia is diagnosed
Reticulocyte count
What investigation is done when Macrocytic anaemia is diagnosed
- B12 + Folate levels
- ?Bone marrow biospy?
How to test for auto-immune haemolytic anaemia
- Direct antiglobin test
- Casuses agglutination in vitro
(if -ve suggests the haemolytic anaemia is not immune mediated)
Investigations to diagnose a VTE
- D-dimer
- Doppler US or CTPA or V/Q scan
What investigations diagnose Haemophilia
- Prolonged APTT (activated partial thromboplastin time)
- Normal PT and BT
- Reduced factor VII or FIX
- Genetic analysis
What investigations diagnose Von Willebrand disease
- Prolonged APTT (activated partial thromboplastin time)
- Increased BT
- Reduced factor VIII
- Reduced vWF Ag
Investigations to diagnose ITP
- Megakarocytes in marrow (?marrow biopsy?)
- Serum anitplatelet autoantibodies (?ELISA procedure?)
What investigations can be done on a patient with a bleeding disorder
- PT (prothrombin time)
- BT (bleeding time)[rarely done]
- APTT (activated partial thromboplastin time)
- Thrombin time
- D-dimers
Why would PT be prolonged
- Warfarin
- Vit K deficiency
- DIC
- Liver disease
Why would APTT be prolonged
- Heparin
- Haemophilia
- DIC
- Liver disease
Why would Thrombin time be prolonged
- Heparin
- DIC
Why would D-dimers be raised
- DIC
- DVT
- PE
- Infection/Inflammation/Malignancy
