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FINALS (all high yield study decks) > Haematology > Flashcards

Haematology Flashcards

1
Q

What does it mean if coomb’s test is -ve

A

It is NOT an autoimmune process

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2
Q

In which conditions would you see Heinz bodies on a blood film?

A

thalassaemia or G6PD deficiency

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3
Q

What is a schistocyte?

A

A fragment of a RBC (caused by the breaking up of red blood cells)

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4
Q

In which conditions would you see spherocytes?

A

hereditary spherocytosis or autoimmune haemolytic anaemia

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5
Q

Name the tool used to assess bleeding

A

ISTH Bleeding Assessment Tool

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6
Q

In which condition would you see smudge cells on a blood film?

A

CLL

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7
Q

In which condition would you see Rouleux cells on a blood film?

A

multiple myeloma

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8
Q

In which condition would you see Reed-Sternberg cells cells on a blood film?

A

Hodgkin’s lymphoma

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9
Q

Which viral illness is associated with hodgkin’s lymphoma?

A

Epstein Barr

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10
Q

In which condition would you see Ring sideroblasts cells cells on a blood film?

A

myelodysplasia (AML precursor)

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11
Q

What disease is associated with the philadelphia chromosome?

A

Chronic myeloid leukaemia

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12
Q

What is the translocation on the philadelphia chromosome?

A

T(9;22)

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13
Q

Chronic myeloid leukaemia (associated with philadelphia chromosome T(9;22)) - how is it treated?

A

Tyrosine Kianase inhibitors

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14
Q

Which conditions are associated with JAK2?

A

= Essential Thrombocythemia (raised platelet count) & Polycythaemia Rubera (thick blood)

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15
Q

What is the weird symptoms associated with Polycythaemia Rubera?

A

Itching after coming out of a hot bath

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16
Q

Disease found predominently in blood and bone marrow = leukaemia/lymphoma?

A

Leukaemia

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17
Q

Disease found predominantly in lymph nodes = leukaemia/lymphoma?

A

Lymphoma

18
Q

In which disease are paraproteins produced?

A

Multiple myeloma

19
Q

What is the diagnostic test for multiple myeloma?

A

electrophoresis (separates out the paraproteins)

20
Q

What is the most common blood cancer in children?

A

ALL

21
Q

What is the most common blood cancer in adults?

A

CLL

22
Q

How does riveroxaban work?

A

riveroXAban = Factor Xa inhibitor

23
Q

How does Tranexamic acid work?

A

prevents plasmin from breaking down fibrin clots

24
Q

How does warfarin work?

A

Vitamin K antagonist

25
Q

Which clotting factors need vitamin K to be produced? (and are therefore inhibited by warfarin!)

A

10, 9 , 7 2
(remember 1972!)

26
Q

How do direct thrombin inhibitors (e.g. dabigatran) work?

A

stick to thrombin and prevent it from functioning

27
Q

What does pancytopenia mean?

A

All cell lineages are low

28
Q

What is associated with Howell-Jolly bodies on a blood film?

A

Hyposplenism

29
Q

Which type of antibody produces anti-A and anti-B (blood typing)

A

IgM

30
Q

At what point in the pregnancy would a rhesus -ve mother be given Anti-D?

A

28 weeks

31
Q

What is the function of haptoglobin?

A

binds to free haemoglobin in the bloodstream.

32
Q

What happens to haptoglobin levels if there is a haemolytic process on the go?

A

measurable haptoglobin levels will fall because they have bound to the free haemoglobin

33
Q

What is within the plasma component of a haematocrit?

A

clotting/coagulation factors
albumin
antibodies

34
Q

What is within the buffy coat layer of a haematocrit

A

Platelets & white cells

35
Q

What is within the red layer of a haematocrit?

A

RBCs

36
Q

Which clotting factors does heparin affect?

A

2, 9, 10 & 11

37
Q

Which clotting factors does DIC affect?

A

1, 2, 5, 8, 11

38
Q

Which clotting factors are produced by the liver?

A

1,2,5,7,9,10,11

39
Q

Do cancerous blood cells over or under proliferate?

A

Over proliferate

40
Q

In which condition would you find Auer rods?

A

AML

41
Q

In which condition would you find bence jones proteins?

A

Multiple myeloma

42
Q

How do you remember the symptoms of multiple myeloma?

A

CRAB

Calcium high
Renal failure
Anaemia
Bone disease

FINALS (all high yield study decks) (24 decks)

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