Haematology

Question 1

What does it mean if coomb’s test is -ve

Answer 1

It is NOT an autoimmune process

Question 2

In which conditions would you see Heinz bodies on a blood film?

Answer 2

thalassaemia or G6PD deficiency

Question 3

What is a schistocyte?

Answer 3

A fragment of a RBC (caused by the breaking up of red blood cells)

Question 4

In which conditions would you see spherocytes?

Answer 4

hereditary spherocytosis or autoimmune haemolytic anaemia

Question 5

Name the tool used to assess bleeding

Answer 5

ISTH Bleeding Assessment Tool

Question 6

In which condition would you see smudge cells on a blood film?

Answer 6

CLL

Question 7

In which condition would you see Rouleux cells on a blood film?

Answer 7

multiple myeloma

Question 8

In which condition would you see Reed-Sternberg cells cells on a blood film?

Answer 8

Hodgkin’s lymphoma

Question 9

Which viral illness is associated with hodgkin’s lymphoma?

Answer 9

Epstein Barr

Question 10

In which condition would you see Ring sideroblasts cells cells on a blood film?

Answer 10

myelodysplasia (AML precursor)

Question 11

What disease is associated with the philadelphia chromosome?

Answer 11

Chronic myeloid leukaemia

Question 12

What is the translocation on the philadelphia chromosome?

Answer 12

T(9;22)

Question 13

Chronic myeloid leukaemia (associated with philadelphia chromosome T(9;22)) - how is it treated?

Answer 13

Tyrosine Kianase inhibitors

Question 14

Which conditions are associated with JAK2?

Answer 14

= Essential Thrombocythemia (raised platelet count) & Polycythaemia Rubera (thick blood)

Question 15

What is the weird symptoms associated with Polycythaemia Rubera?

Answer 15

Itching after coming out of a hot bath

Question 16

Disease found predominently in blood and bone marrow = leukaemia/lymphoma?

Answer 16

Leukaemia

Question 17

Disease found predominantly in lymph nodes = leukaemia/lymphoma?

Answer 17

Lymphoma

Question 18

In which disease are paraproteins produced?

Answer 18

Multiple myeloma

Question 19

What is the diagnostic test for multiple myeloma?

Answer 19

electrophoresis (separates out the paraproteins)

Question 20

What is the most common blood cancer in children?

Answer 20

ALL

Question 21

What is the most common blood cancer in adults?

Answer 21

CLL

Question 22

How does riveroxaban work?

Answer 22

riveroXAban = Factor Xa inhibitor

Question 23

How does Tranexamic acid work?

Answer 23

prevents plasmin from breaking down fibrin clots

Question 24

How does warfarin work?

Answer 24

Vitamin K antagonist

Question 25

Which clotting factors need vitamin K to be produced? (and are therefore inhibited by warfarin!)

Answer 25

10, 9 , 7 2 (remember 1972!)

Question 26

How do direct thrombin inhibitors (e.g. dabigatran) work?

Answer 26

stick to thrombin and prevent it from functioning

Question 27

What does pancytopenia mean?

Answer 27

All cell lineages are low

Question 28

What is associated with Howell-Jolly bodies on a blood film?

Answer 28

Hyposplenism

Question 29

Which type of antibody produces anti-A and anti-B (blood typing)

Answer 29

IgM

Question 30

At what point in the pregnancy would a rhesus -ve mother be given Anti-D?

Answer 30

28 weeks

Question 31

What is the function of haptoglobin?

Answer 31

binds to free haemoglobin in the bloodstream.

Question 32

What happens to haptoglobin levels if there is a haemolytic process on the go?

Answer 32

measurable haptoglobin levels will fall because they have bound to the free haemoglobin

Question 33

What is within the plasma component of a haematocrit?

Answer 33

clotting/coagulation factors albumin antibodies

Question 34

What is within the buffy coat layer of a haematocrit

Answer 34

Platelets & white cells

Question 35

What is within the red layer of a haematocrit?

Answer 35

RBCs

Question 36

Which clotting factors does heparin affect?

Answer 36

2, 9, 10 & 11

Question 37

Which clotting factors does DIC affect?

Answer 37

1, 2, 5, 8, 11

Question 38

Which clotting factors are produced by the liver?

Answer 38

1,2,5,7,9,10,11

Question 39

Do cancerous blood cells over or under proliferate?

Answer 39

Over proliferate

Question 40

In which condition would you find Auer rods?

Answer 40

AML

Question 41

In which condition would you find bence jones proteins?

Answer 41

Multiple myeloma

Question 42

How do you remember the symptoms of multiple myeloma?

Answer 42

CRAB Calcium high Renal failure Anaemia Bone disease