Haematology

Question 1

When a tissue is injured and clotting begins, what is this process depended upon?

Answer 1

intrinsic and extrinsic pathways

Question 2

A patient with low iron levels would experience what symptom?

Answer 2

an increase in fatigue

Question 3

Which haemostatic agent can be used to prevent haemorrhage after operations where large clot formation occurs?

Answer 3

Tranexamic acid

Question 4

The benefits of enoxaparin over heparin include that it

Answer 4

is less likely to cause thrombocytopaenia and is more effective in reducing mortality and myocardial infarction in unstable angina. Also, has a longer half-life requiring less frequent monitoring and is safer in pregnancy.

Question 5

Inherited mutations of haemoglobin molecules that cause a reduction in the synthesis of the chains that combine to form haemoglobin is

Answer 5

Thalassaemia

Question 6

Malignant disorders of the bone marrow is called

Answer 6

Leukaemia

Question 7

An antiplatelet agent from the ADP group used in the management of thrombotic disorders is

Answer 7

Clopidogrel

Question 8

A medicine that is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor that decreases platelet adhesiveness is

Answer 8

Dipyridamole

Question 9

Leukocytes are a called

Answer 9

white blood cells

Question 10

Leukocytes are typically split into two classes called

Answer 10

agranulocytes and granulocytes

Question 11

The type of granulocyte that is predominantly responsible for immunity against worms and other pathogens too large to phagocytose are the

Answer 11

monocytes

Question 12

The two agranulocytes types are called

Answer 12

neutrophils and lymphocytes

Question 13

Antiplatelet agents’ first event is when

Answer 13

During platelet plug formation, collagen fibres are exposed triggering off platelet aggregation

Question 14

Antiplatelet agents’ second event is when

Answer 14

The platelet aggregation process is mediated by thromboxane A2

Question 15

Antiplatelet agents’ third event is when

Answer 15

Aspirin irreversibly blocks the formation of thromboxane A2 in platelets

Question 16

Antiplatelet agents’ fourth event is when

Answer 16

Reduced thromboxane A2 levels produces an inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation

Question 17

Those who live at high altitudes, or who receive extra erythropoietin, are likely to suffer

Answer 17

Polycythaemia

Question 18

An elevated neutrophil count would be indicative of

Answer 18

an acute bacterial infection

Question 19

An injectable heparin medication (anticoagulant) might be prescribed for a patient who

Answer 19

is prone to thrombosis

Question 20

Heparin is administered in all the following ways except

Answer 20

intramuscularly

Question 21

A neural tube defect in which the spinal column is not closed correctly, causing the underlying spinal cord to be exposed is called

Answer 21

Spina bifida

Question 22

The pharmacological treatment used to increase dopamine levels in patients with Parkinson’s disease is called

Answer 22

Levodopa

Question 23

The portion of the brain consisting of the medulla, pons, and midbrain is called the

Answer 23

Brain stem

Question 24

An accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid within the cranium is called

Answer 24

Hydrocephalus

Question 25

The Blood Disorders group consists of

Answer 25

Thrombocytopenia, Anaemia, Polycythaemia and Leukemia

Question 26

The haemostasis process consists of

Answer 26

Vascular spasm, Platelet plug, Collagen fibres and Fibrin

Question 27

The mainstay of long-term oral anticoagulant therapy is

Answer 27

warfarin

Question 28

This particular oral anticoagulant (Warfarin) is structurally similar to

Answer 28

vitamin K

Question 29

A significant adverse effect of this oral anticoagulant therapy (Warfarin) is

Answer 29

haemorrhage

Question 30

The process of Haemostasis’ first event is when

Answer 30

Damage occurs to a blood vessel due to some form of trauma

Question 31

The process of Haemostasis’ second event is when

Answer 31

Blood vessels respond by causing vasoconstriction as part of the vascular spasm

Question 32

The process of Haemostasis’ third event is when

Answer 32

Injury to blood vessel lining exposes collagen fibres and platelets adhere creating a plug

Question 33

The process of Haemostasis’ fourth event is when

Answer 33

Coagulation begins: Clotting factors interact with calcium to form thrombin